Pattern recognition receptors bind to Select one: a. B and T lymphocytes b. Host cell-associated molecules c. MHC I molecules d. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Select all correct matches: a. Heavy chain / the larger of the two protein chain types found in antibodies b. Hapten / the site on an antibody that binds to antigen c. Gamma globulin / antibodies purified from serum d. Cytokine / a secreted protein that affects immune cell function

Helper T cells can be activated by macrophages(which engulf everything indiscriminately) or by B cells (which only engulf antigens that stick to their receptors).  A. What properties so macrophages and B cells have ibn common that allows them both to activate T cells? B. It has been suggested that macrophages probably do most to fhte T cell activating in the primary response but B cells do most of it in the secondary response. Why does this make sense?

You are studying SARS-COV2. You identify a viral protein that results in the decrease of MHC class I, a cell surface receptor, on the cell surface. You are trying to determine the mechanism for how the virus is decreasing cell surface MHC I. You decide to do an experiment to determine whether the receptor is making it all of the way through the secretory pathway. You take two samples of cells. 1. Uninfected 2. Infected with SARS-CoV2 You treat them with EndoH and analyze MHC I on a western blot and get the following results: 1. Uninfected cells - 50% of protein is endo H sensitive and 50% is Endo H resistant 2. SARS-COV2 infected cells - 100% of protein is Endo H sensitive How would you best interpret these results? Is MHC I going all the way through the secretory pathway in infected cells? A. No, MHC I is not going all the way through the secretory pathway. 100% of the protein is EndoH sensitive in infected cells, this means that the virus is somehow inhibiting the protein from making…

Which of the following cells demonstrate MHC II molecules on their surface membrane? 1.  B lymphocyte 2.  macrophage 3.  erythrocyte 4.  neuron 5.  smooth muscle cell Choose from the following: (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 2 and 3 (C) 1, 2, 4, and 5 (D) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match?

How does a T-cell recognize a cell infected by a virus? Select one: a. binding of viral DNA in an infected cell. b. binding of viral peptide in the cytosol of infected cell c. binding of viral mRNA in the cytosol of the infected cell d. binding of viral peptide on the surface of the infected cell e. binding of viral mRNA on the surface of the infected cell

1. Antigens are made up of specific sequences of amino acids called ----- that determine their structure. A. epitopes B. multivalent sites C. paratropes D. constant regions   2. Which scenario best describes antibody cross-reactivity? A. A single pathogen with multiple epitopes is recognized by a multivalent antibody. B. Multipleepitopes are recognized by multiple antibodies C. A single epitope is recognized by multiple antibodies D. Two distinct, but structurally similar epitopes are recognized by the same antibody   3. What is the major benefit of cross-reactivity? A. Cross-reactivity permits the allergic response. B. Cross-reactivity promotes a faster immune response against unrelated pathogens. C. Cross-reactivity enhances immunity by providing protection against related pathogens. D. Cross-reactivity allows the immune system to respond to pathogens in various locations within the host (i.e., skin, mucosal tissues, extracellular fluids, etc.)

Which components are considered a barrier to pathogen entry? all that apply Select one or more: a. PRRs b. plasma cells c. mucus d. lymph nodes e. lysozyme

FceRI binds     A. IgA   B. IgG   C. IgE   D. Innocuous substances   Aspirin reduces inflammation by acting on:     A. Histamine   B. Chymotryptase   C. Leukotrienes   D. Prostaglandins