What is the standard free energy (AGº) for the reduction of coenzyme Q by NADH as carried out by Complex I (NADH-CoQ Reductase) of the electron transport pathway if EU (NAD*/NADH) =-0.32 V and EO (CoQ/COQH2) = +0.060 V. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a -24.0 kJ/mol -2.5 kJ/mol -8.7 kJ/mol d. -47.5 kJ/mol e -15.4 kJ/mol -73.3 kJ/mol

How can you identify biological role for the following substances depending on their ratio / porportion within the cells; NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH?

Why does FAHD2 oxidation give 1.5 ATP while NADH oxidation gives 2.5 ATP? Explain this in relation to ETC.

If 5 pyruvate were completely oxidized, how many ATP would be produced by oxidative phosphorylation? Do not include ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation. Enter your answer using Arabic numerals rounded to the nearest whole number without any punctuation or spaces. e.g., If your answer is “12.5", enter: 13 Type your answer and submit Cannot be empty

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When rotenone is added to actively respiring bovine mitochondria, the ratio of NADH to NAD+ increases but the FADH2 to FAD ratio remains unchanged.            a. What step in the system is being inhibited by rotenone?                  b. What would be the effect of rotenone on pyruvate oxidation to CO2?                              ____________________ Why?

Rotenone is an insecticide that is not toxic to plants, but is highly toxic to fish and insects. (it will also kill mammals, but it doesn’t easily get into our cells). When Rotenone is added to cells in vitro, ATP production stops, oxygen is no longer reduced and NADH builds up. Based on these results, explain what is a possible mechanism of action for Rotenone?

To carefully prepared mitochondria were added succinate, oxidized cytochrome c, ADP, orthophosphate, and sodium cyanide. The overall balanced equation is: succinate + 2 cyt c(ox) + ADP + Pi --> fumarate + 2 cyt c(red) + ATP + H2O The standard state free energy of this system is O -10.3 kJ/mol 42.5 kJ/mol O 10.3 kJ/mol -42.5 kJ/mol

In the section dealing with “NAD+ in disease” it is mentioned that metabolomics resultsindicate that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to some of the mentioneddiseases. Which metabolites can potentially accumulate when complex I of theelectron transport chain is defective? Use Fig 1 for guidance

How come high levels of NADH indicate reduced coenzymes rather than oxidized coenzymes? Isn't pyruvate oxidized by the reduction of NAD+ to NADH? Why is the answer reduced then?