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- Describe the hallmarks of the GLUT transporter – a passive glucose transporter, and the basis behind glucose transport in erythrocytes.From the figure of O2 binding to myoglobin and hemoglobin (ignore the linemarked as T) as described in lecture (shown below) answer the following questions. a) Estimate the P50 for myoglobin from the plot. Show how this estimation isdetermined from the binding curve above. ( The first ghraph) b)Using YO2 = PO2/P50 + PO2 , calculate the fraction of O2 bound for myoglobin at 1 torr. (2nd graph) c)Using the binding curve on the previous page, show how you can estimate whatfraction of hemoglobin is bound near tissues at a pO2 of 30 torr and provide this value. If the pH were lowered, will the amount of O2 bound to hemoglobin at 30 torr increaseor decrease? Explain why this is so based on how this changes hemoglobin structure. If 2,3-BPG were added to the solution, will the amount of O2 bound to hemoglobin at30 torr increase or decrease? Explain why this is so based on how this changes hemoglobinstructure.Individuals with McArdle’s disease often experience a “second wind” resulting from cardiovascular adjustments that allow glucose mobilized from liver glycogen to fuel muscle contraction. Explain why the amount of ATP derived in the muscle from circulating glucose is less than the amount of ATP that would be obtained by mobilizing the same amount of glucose from muscle glycogen.
- Describe the structure, isoforms and regulations of the PMCA pumpIs fadh2 oxidized or reduced?Which of the following is the correct summary of the anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the skeletal muscle? Glucose + ADP + Pi ⟶ lactate + ATP Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi ⟶ 2 lactate + 2ATP Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+ ⟶ 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ Glucose + ADP + Pi ⟶ pyruvate + ATP Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi ⟶ 2 pyruvate + 2ATP
- When the Na+/K+ ATPase is in the E1 confirmation, why is it essential to maintain the K+ binding sites in a low affinity state?What is the rationale for the inhibition of muscle glycogen phosphorylase by glucose 6- phosphate when glucose 1- phosphate is the product of the phosphorylase reaction?Below is a figure showing possible trajectories to maximum resistance to cefotaxime. Numbers indicate cefotaxime resistance in micrograms per ml. What is the most likely pathway to max resistance? a. G238S→ g4205a →A42G→M182T→E104K b. G238S→ A42G →E406F→M182T→g4205a c. E104K→A42G→G238S→M182T→g4205a d. G238S→E104K→A42G→M182T→g4205a
- If "P-labeled inorganic phosphate were introduced to erythrocytes undergoing glycolysis, would you detect "P in the glycolytic intermediates? Suppose the results are positive, explain the relevant reaction(s) and the incorporation of P that you would observe.Which arrestin is required for activation of phosphorylation of MDM2 during chronic Iso stimulation? use the following Figures 1and 2 respectively to explain pleaseExplain the structure, isoforms and regulations of the PMCA pump