(True/False ) Inverted repeats are common features of transcription termination sequences in all three domains of life.

1. In the human gene for the beta chain of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells), the first 30 nucleotides in the amino-acid-coding region is represented by the sequence:3'-TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'.  What is the sequence of the partner strand?

3. In future lectures we will describe a technique known as Northern blotting that can be used to detect RNA transcribed from a particular gene. Briefly, in this method a specific RNA is detected using a short segment of cloned DNA as a probe. The DNA probe, which is radioactive, is complementary to the RNA that the researcher wishes to detect. After the radioactive probe DNA basepairs to the RNA, the RNA is visualized as a dark (radioactive) band on an X-ray film. As shown here, the method of Northern blotting can be used to determine the amount of a particular RNA transcribed in a given cell type. If one type of cell produces twice as much of a particular mRNA as occurs in another cell, the band will appear twice as intense. Also, the method can distinguish if alternative RNA splicing has occurred to produce an RNA that has a different molecular mass. 875 nucleotides 675 nucleotides 1 Northern blot 2 - 3 Lane 1 is a sample of RNA isolated from nerve cells. Lane 2 is a sample of RNA…

1. What happens during transcription? Possible sentence frame: Transcription is the process in which the information from converted into This happens by is

3. A mutation was introduced to the original DNA and now you have following DNA sequence (the mutation is colored in red.). 5' -GGATGCATGCCCCTCAAAGGGTAAATT-3' (coding strand) 3' -CCTACGTACGGGGAGTTTCCCATTTAA-5' (template strand) What is going to happen to the protein coded by this gene? Write expected amino acid sequence (like Pro-Arg-Tyr-)

7.What type of mutation occurred in the example above (question #6)? Did the polypeptide change? Why or why not?

1. Retrotransposons are nonviral genetic elements that facilitate their own movement within the genome (true or false) 2. Most mRNA molecules have an indefinite lifespan allowing high quantity protein synthesis from a single mRNA molecule (true or false) 3. spliceosome is a complex of RNA and protein that catalyzes the removal of exons from pre-mRNA (true or false)

1. Regarding the triple DNA code, which of the following statements is true? • each DNA base encodes three amino acids • there are three genes encoding a protein • each amino acid is encoded by three DNA •bases each triplet encodes several amino acids