This is a schematic diagram of an agarose gel used to analyze the DNA fragments generated by analyzing individual female flies with primers P1, P2, and P3 in a single PCR reaction. Lane M represents DNA fragments that are size markers (standards). In lanes 1, 2, and 3, sketch in the DNA fragments expected to be produced by PCR for female Drosophila homozygous for wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous for the white-one mutation, respectively:

A region of the genome is amplified by PCR to analyze two closely linked SNPs. PCR products from individual A were labelled with a red-fluorescing dye and those from individual B labelled with a green-fluorescing dye. These PCR products were mixed and hybridized to an oligonucleotide microarray as shown in the figure below. What can we conclude about the data shown? Select all true: a. individual A is heterozygous for the M1 and M2 haplotypes, individual B is heterozygous for M4 and M5 b. individual A is heterozygous for the M1 and M2 haplotypes, individual B is heterozygous for M3 and M6 c. Sanger sequencing traces of these PCR products would show the same double peaks at the same positions for these two individuals d. analyzing this PCR amplified region with conventional Sanger sequencing would be more accurate than the microarray analysis e. individuals A and B could be siblings who share a parent that is homozygous for one of the haplotypes   {urgent}

Below is a pedigree showing transmission of a disease; affected individuals are indicated by solid circles or boxes. Represented below the pedigree are two nylon membranes; DNA samples from each individual in the pedigree were spotted in identical fashion on each membrane. Each individual's DNA appears directly below his or her position in the pedigree. Each membrane was hybridized with allele specific oligonucleotides that detect the two alternative alleles of a single SNP locus (ASO 1 and ASO 2). Positive hybridization is represented as a filled circle and lack of hybridization is represented as an open circle. I 11 III IV V ASO 1 ASO 2 To 1 2 3 4 5 6 a. What is the mode of transmission of this disease? 12 b. Which SNP allele (ASO1 or ASO2) is originally linked to the disease gene? c. Draw a diagram of the event that gave rise to the genotype of individual IV-5. d. Individual V-1 is an unborn fetus. If the SNP locus is 10 CM from the disease locus, what is the likelihood that he will…

The data set attached presents the results of a testcross using female flies heterozygous for three traits and male flies, which are homozygous recessive. For simplicity, mutant alleles are shown with letters a, b, and c and wildtype alleles are indicated by a “+” symbol. For this part of the report do the following in order: a) Determine the gene order (which gene is in the middle?)d) Construct a genetic map for the three genes, including the map distances between them. Clearly indicate the logic you followed and show all your calculations. Include the full distance calculations for the two most distanced genes (do not just add the other 2 distances).  Ensure the work is neat and clear and does not contain spelling or grammatical errors so that it is understandable. Make sure to double check the solution provided.

As the leading scientist in a biomedical science laboratory, it is a requirement to give advice to your lab assistants when they are having problems with their experiments. What advice would you give to your assistants that are having the following problems: After performing a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis to confirm the presence of the C01 gene of 750bp. 2.1. They observe no band appearing on an agarose gel. What would be your conclusion? 2.2. They observe three bands of different sizes that resemble a smear on the gel. Advice 2.3. They observe a single band on the gel and conclude that the PCR product is an exact copy of the original template DNA. Would you support their condusion? Explain. 2.4. Explain how PCR can be used to detect infectious agents in diagnoses of diseases.

A research team interested in mapping human genes discovered a new restriction length polymorphism (RFLP). The nature of the polymorphism is shown in the figure below.  a) They test the RFLP in a family with the pedigree below. The individuals colored blue are affected by hemophilia, a blood-clotting disease. On what chromosome is the RFLP found?

In Figure 3-11, if the input genotypes were a • B and A • b,what would be the genotypes colored blue?

data for the question  A homozygous purple plant will have a single PCR product band CF and PR primers: 899 bps A heterozygous purple plant will have two PCR product bands CF and PR primers: 899 & 1279 bps A homozygous green plant will have a single PCR product band CF and PR primers: 1279 bps

The gel above shows 7 alleles, in this sample of 11 individuals, what percentage of individuals are homozygous? Please type your answer as a number, rounded to the nearest whole percentage. ANSWER: In the gel image below Blank 1 percent of the individuals are homozygous. Photograph of UV illuminated 1 % agarose TBE gel run for 40 minutes at 120 V, showing the result of PCR from a variable number tandem repeat region in 11 different individuals (A-K) 2000 1650 1000 850 600 500 Key: Lane 1: Lanes 2-12: A B C D E F G H I J K DNA ladder, see image for fragment sizes in base pairs (bp) PCR Products from the same variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) autosomal region of DNA from 11 different individuals (A-K)

Below are two pictures of perithecium on microscope slides that have been squished under cover slips so that the asci inside have spread out. In the asci, we can clearly see the tan ascospores (light colored) and wildtype ascospores (dark colored). We will perform our tetrad analysis by counting how many of the asci are non-recombinant and how many of the acsi are recombinant. We can tell which are recombinant and non-recombinant by observing the patterns of the ascospores in the asci. See the patterns of ascospores for non- recombinant and recombinant asci in the table below. Ascospore pattern of non-recombinant asci OOOO OOOOO You will count the total number of non-recombinant and recombinant asci in the two pictures below. You will only count the asci that have a star next to them because these asci can be clearly identified as non-recombinant or recombinant. Select the correct number below after you are done. Total number of non-recombinant asci [Select] Ascospore pattern of…