There is a specific enzyme that adds the 5' Cap to mRNA. If an inhibitor of this enzyme were added to the cell, what would you expect? New protein synthesis would occur at a faster rate A dramatic decrease in new protein synthesis All newly synthesized proteins would lack the 5' untranslated region Translation of mRNAs requiring a 5' cap would discontinue while translation from other MRNAS would be unaffected Translation of the MRNA would be unaffected initially, but the mRNA would be degraded at faster rate

There is a specific enzyme that adds the 5' Cap to mRNA. If an inhibitor of this enzyme were added to the cell, what would you expect? New protein synthesis would occur at a faster rate A dramatic decrease in new protein synthesis All newly synthesized proteins would lack the 5' untranslated region Translation of mRNAs requiring a 5' cap would discontinue while translation from other MRNAS would be unaffected Translation of the MRNA would be unaffected initially, but the mRNA would be degraded at faster rate

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter7: Gene Expression And Control

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15SQ

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Which of the following events would NOT result in ribosomes stalling on an MRNA during translation? The MRNA in a given region is very highly folded, and the ribosome stalls because the RNA structure blocks its movement. O The correct ERNA is scarce because it is not transcribed very much in the prevailing conditions. The ribosome stalls while waiting for one of the scarce tRNAS to diffuse into the A site. O the release tactor enters the A site, decodes a stop codon and transfers an oxygen from water to the carboxyl group of the peptidyl- RNA in the P site, causing stalling. O Starvation for amino acids will reduce the amount of amino-acylated (charged) TRNA the ribosome will stall while waiting for a charged tRNA to enter the A site to decode the next codon
Prokaryotic cells can have more than one functional start codon per mRNA because There are multiple answers A prokaryotic promotes consist of two separated sequences: the -30 box and the -10 box B they make polycistronic RNA C both transcription and translation happen in the same cellular compartment D prokaryotic ribosomes bind to the Shine-Delgarno sequence E the activity of the lac repressor is regulated based on the physiologic condition of the cell
Which of the following events would NOT result in ribosomes stalling on an MRNA during translation? The MRNA in a given region is very highly folded, and the ribosome stalls because the RNA structure blocks its movement. O The correct tRNA is scarce because it is not transcribed very much in the prevailing conditions. The ribosome stalls while waiting for one of the scarce tRNAS to diffuse into the A site. O the release tactor enters the A site, decodes a stop codon and transfers an oxxYgen from water to the carboxyl group of the peptidyl-tRNA in the P site, causing stalling O Starvation for amino acids will reduce the amount of amino-acylated (charged) tRNA the ribosome will stall while waiting for a charged tRNA to enter the A site to decode the next codon
if the following DNA sequence were transcribed, which of the following describes the output of this process? 3'- TCTGGACA-5' A. This would produce a protein that looks like 5'- A G A C C U G U -3' B. This would produce a tRNA that looks like 3'- A G AC C U G U -5' C. This would produce an mRNA that looks like this: 5'- A G AC C U G U -3' D. This would produce an mRNA that looks like 3'- U C U G G A CA -5' E. This would produce another strand of DNA that 0ok like 5-AG ACCT GT-3. ..
Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome, and chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect each of these antibiotics to have on protein synthesis? Tetracycline would directly affect: tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain Chloramphenicol would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain
gene normally contains an N' terminal ER signal sequence and an internal stop transfer sequence. The ER signal sequence is recognized and used during the protein trafficking process, as normal. After translation is completed a signal peptidase enzyme cleaves the N' ER signal sequence but the internal sequence is not cleaved. Which of the following figures best represents the orientation of the protein product after translation? N Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular -N' C' N Lumen Lumen Lumen Lumen N' A В C
Which mechanisms are used by miRNAs to regulate gene expression? O Targeted degradation of mRNAs O Targeted inhibition of mRNA translation O Both A and B ONeither A nor B
Cells can control or regulate the amount of a particular proteins that is produced by using small interfering RNAswhich work by: 1. Hybridizing to the mRNA 2. binding to the small ribosomal subunit 3. mutating a base on the Codon 4. binding the large ribosomal subunits 5. making a CDNA
How does the antibiotic streptomycin inhibit bacterial translation? Multiple Choice blocks elongation by preventing the large ribosomal subunit from binding to the small ribosomal subunit interferes with the normal pairing of aminoacyl TRNAS and codons resulting in abnormal proteins prevents the release of the initiator tRNA from the P site, blocking elongation blocks termination by competitively inhibiting the binding of a release factor to the A site
For each amino acid incorporated into a polypeptide the cell has to invest three high-energy phosphates (ATP or GTP). At which step of the overall process is energy investment NOT required? What is the correct answer from below? Ester bond formation between a tRNA and an amino acid Release of an aminoacyl-tRNA into the A-site of a ribosome Translocation of a ribosome along an mRNA molecule Peptide bond formation between amino acids none of the above
Consider gene expression in a prokaryotic or bacterial celI. Which of the following is true for translation or protein synthesis in this cell? Select all that apply. Small ribosomal subunit recognizes the 5' cap of the mRNA during initiation FMET charged tRNA binds to the P site during initiation The growing polypeptide is transferred from a TRNA in the P site to a charged TRNA in the A site RNA:RNA interactions are formed
RNA polymerase O Transcription to produce pre-mRNA O Post- transcriptional modification Nuclear pore complex OExport of mature mRNA into cytoplasm OPost- Ribosome with transfer RNAS translational O Translation of OProtein folding modifications. mature mRNA Look at the image above: 3. Where does transcription specifically take place in the cell? 4. Where does translation specifically take place in the cell?