The disease is described in which the activity of phosphofructokinase of adipose tissue isn't regulated by citrate. How can the lipid metabolism in adipose tissue be changed in such genetic defect?
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Task №1. The disease is described in which the activity of phosphofructokinase of adipose tissue isn't regulated by citrate. How can the lipid
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- Answer the ff. questions: 1. To which class does each enzyme belong? Explain your answers. a.) pyruvate decarboxylase b.) alanine aminotransferase c.) alcohol dehydrogenase d.) hexokinase 2. Substrates and reactive groups in an enzyme’s active site must be precisely aligned in order for a productive reaction to occur. Why, then, is some conformational flexibility also a requirement for catalysis? 3. Some plants contain compounds that inhibit serine proteases. It has been hypothesized that these compounds protect the plant from proteolytic enzymes of insects and microorganisms that would damage the plant. Tofu, or bean curd, possesses these compounds. Manufacturers of tofu treat it to eliminate serine protease inhibitors. Why is this treatment necessary?Q1. Many of the components for lipid synthesis need to be "activated", which happens by a variety of mechanisms. For each of the following activation processes, state WHAT is added and WHAT ENZYME catalyzes the reaction. Acetyl-CoA activation for fatty acid synthesis: WHAT is added: ENZYME: Glycerol activation for Phosphatidic Acid (PA) synthesis: WHAT is added: ENZYME: Fatty acid activation for Diacylglycerol (DAG) synthesis: WHAT is added: ENZYME: DAG activation for Phosphatidylinositol (PI) synthesis: WHAT is added: ENZYME: Choline activation for Phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis WHAT is added: ENZYME:BIOMOLECULES Please answer the questions properly. - Multiple choice Qyestion 1: If a cell has an adequate supply of adenine nucleotides but requires more guanine nucleotides for protein synthesis: 1. Glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase will not be fully inhibited. 2. AMP will be a feedback inhibitor of the condensation of IMP with aspartate. 3. ATP will stimulate the production of GMP from IMP. 4. ATP will inhibit nucleoside diphosphate reductase. А. 1, 2, and 3 В. 2 and 4 С. 1, 2, 3, and 4 D. 1 and 3
- Need help, please. In this scenario, a patient has beriberi. Beriberi patients can be treated through a thiamine-enriched diet. The patient was put on a thiamine-enriched diet but not all of their symptoms were alleviated. Through genetic testing, it was found that there was also a small defect in pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase that decreases its normal activity. 1. Explain why this genetic defect can cause beriberi symptoms (i.e. high pyruvate levels after a high-carb meal). 2. Why did thiamine supplementation not alleviate the symptoms for this patient?A. Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the followingmetabolic pathways.1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA5.Citric acid cycle6. Gluconeogensis pathway (pyruvate to glucose) B. Identify at most 5 organic reactions for each metabolic pathway.Chapter: Lipid Metabolism Individuals with abnormally low levels of carnitine in their muscles suffer from muscular weakness during moderate exercise. In addition, their muscles have significantly increased levels of triacylglycerols. (a) Explain these two effects. (b) Can these individuals metabolize muscle glycogen aerobically?
- This is a Biochemistry Question! Please select all of the following processes that would INCREASE during untreated or badly managed diabetic ketoacidosis: (More than 1 answer) 1) there is fluid and electrolyte loss in urine 2) plasma pH 3) Glucose uptake & skeletal muscle using as primary fuel 4) Bicarbonate reabsorption & renal Hydrogen excretion 5) Relying on fatty acids & proteins as primary fuels throughout the body 6) Gluconeogenesis, Fatty acid oxidation, & ketogenesis (all within the liver) 7) Lipolysis & fatty acid release from adiposeA. What would happen in the Krebs cycle with the loss of activity of phosphoglycerate kinase? What would happen in glycolysis? 10. What happens to glycolysis with the addition of high amounts of citrate? What happens to ETS? 11. What happens in the Krebs cycle with a block in fumerase? 12.If an amino acid enters the Krebs cycle at the acetyl CoA entry point, how much more ATP is being made than if it enters at a keto-glutarate?Q2. Discuss Under which conditions ketone bodies will be generated in our body?.
- BSC1010C Enzymes & Cellular Regulation Dr. Harris Amylase is an enzyme found primarily in saliva and pancreatic secretions. It catalyzes the breakdown of starch into sugars. A Rate of reaction 0 20 60 40 Temperature, C C Rate of reaction 80 100 B Rate of reaction Enzyme concentration (Substrate concentration always in excess) Substrate concentration (Enzyme concentration constant) The above graphs (A, B & C) provide data on several factors that affect the activity and function of amylase in living organisms. 11. What variables are compared in graph A? What information can be obtained from this data?П. Identify the 4 steps of gluconeoegenesis that are different from glycoslysis. Write the reactants, enzymes, cofactors/coenzymes and products involved in the gluconeogenesis pathway. GLUCONEOGENESIS Reactant Enzymes Соenzyme/ Product CofactorB. Consider the following types of cells and their respective conditions: i. a liver cell with non-functional malate-aspartate shuttle* ii. a skeletal muscle cell lacking oxygen iii. a cell with ATP synthase deficiency* * Assume that the deficiency is isolated and will not influence the function of other respiration components In these cells/tissues, determine the following from the catabolism of the 2.5 moles of the disaccharide lactose (which will be hydrolyzed first to yield glucose and galactose). Net ATP from glycolysis b. ATP from oxidative decarboxylation (if applicable) c. ATP formed from Krebs cycle (if applicable) d. Total net ATP