The goal of most gene therapies is to insert a healthy copy of a gene into the genome.  Besides CRISPR, techniques for integrating DNA into the genome do not target that DNA to a particular genomic location and thus different cells end up with the DNA sequence in different positions. B.     The same gene integrated into different locations in the genome will be expressed differently.  Why?

A patient is diagnosed with lung cancer using imaging. To establish the best treatment option, doctors ask to profile the gene expression of the tumor, using a biopsy and microarray analysis. Describe the steps involved in the analysis in detail. The analysis reveals that a new gene therapy could be beneficial to the patient. Explain briefly how gene therapy could be used to cure cancer and detail how the treatment can be formulated for delivery to the patient. To prepare DNA for the gene therapy formulation, it is often important to measure the size of the molecule. Explain how this measurement can be done using agarose gel electrophoresis, taking care to detail the property of the DNA molecule at the basis of the technique. To generate large amounts of DNA to manufacture gene therapy payloads or to be able to see them on gel electrophoresis, specific sequences can be amplified by PCR. For a sequence of a 100 base pairs, calculate the number cycles of PCR required to generate 1 ng of…

CRISPR techniques allow scientists to modify specific genes while sparing all others, thus clarifying the association between a given gene and its consequence to the organism. How can this help to create better antibiotics or to make white blood cells resistant to HIV infection? Give your examples. What is the future of CRISPR?

Explain Gene Expression Microarrays and RNA-seq in Transcriptome Analysis as detailed and thoroughly as you can.