Steroid hormones a. can diffuse through the membrane without a carrier. b. have a direct effect on gene expression. c. bind to membrane receptors. d. Both a and b are correct.
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| Steroid hormones |
| a. can diffuse through the membrane without a carrier. |
| b. have a direct effect on gene expression. |
| c. bind to membrane receptors. |
| d. Both a and b are correct. |
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- Peptide hormonesa. typically bind to receptors in the cytoplasm of a target cell.b. typically bind to receptors on the surface of a target cell.c. always activate gene transcription in their target cells.d. never activate gene transcription in their target cells.The action of steroid hormones is different from that of peptide hormones becausea. peptide hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas steroid hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.b. steroid hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas peptide hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.c. peptide hormones produce a hormone receptor complex that works directly on the DNA, whereas steroid hormones cause the release of a secondary messenger that triggers enzymes.d. None of these answers is correct.Down-regulationa. produces a decrease in the number of receptors in the target cells.b. produces an increase in target cells’ sensitivity to a hormone.c. is found in target cells that respond to hormones that are maintainedat constant levels.d. occurs partly because of an increase in receptor synthesis by thetarget cell.e. All of these are correct.
- Activated G proteins cana. cause ion channels to open or close.b. activate adenylate cyclase.c. inhibit the synthesis of cAMP.d. alter the activity of IP3.e. All of these are correct.When a hormone binds to a nuclear receptora. DNA produces mRNA.b. G proteins are activated.c. the hormone-receptor complex causes ion channels to open or close.d. the cell’s response is faster than when a hormone binds to a membranebound receptor.e. the hormone is usually a large, water-soluble moleculewhich of the following happens when a therapeutic synthetic homone is introduced intno the body to treat patients natural hormone insufficiency?(select all that apply) A. The target cell responds the same way as when the hormone is natural B. the synthetic hormone has no effect on the target tissues C. the amount of natural hormone produced by the patients body declines D. the synthetic hormone is destroyed before it can have an effect on the target tissue.
- What is the principal difference of endocrine system from other signaling systems? Select one: A. Endocrine signals diffuse to neighboring target cells. B. Endocrine signals produce self-activation of the secreting cells. C. Endocrine system uses cell-cell contact to transduce signals. D. Endocrine signals are delivered by blood. E. Endocrine signals always generate faster responses in target cells.Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than paracrine signals because ___________. a. the ligands are transported through the bloodstream and travel greater distances b. the target and signaling cells are close together c. the ligands are degraded rapidly d. the ligands don't bind to carrier proteins during transportA hormone differs from a neurotransmitter in thata. hormones act extracellularly, whereas neurotransmitters act withinthe cell that synthesized them.b. hormones are released only by neurons, whereas neurotransmittersare released by many different types of cells.c. hormones cause only fast responses (seconds or less) to stimuli,whereas neurotransmitters cause slow responses (minutes to hours)to stimuli.d. hormones affect only epithelial cells, whereas neurotransmittersaffect only muscle cells.e. hormones are released into the bloodstream and can activate manycells in many parts of the body, whereas neurotransmitters arereleased by neurons and affect adjacent cells.
- 5. The cells synthesizing steroid hormones are rich in.. A. róugh ER. B. smooth ER. C. lysosome. D. contractile vacuoles. E.peroxisomes.A membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's Select one: O A. marker O B. receptor O C. transducer O D. regulatorWhich of the following statements is truc a. Neurotransmitters must bind to a receptor to exert an action on a cell but hormones do not have to bind to a receptor to exert an action b. The nervous system effects are longer lasting than the endocrine system c. The nervous system effects are faster to respond than the endocrine system d. The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream similar to how the endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream
