regulation of gene expression.
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Q: / There are similarities and differences during regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes…
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Q: 5 Describe the roles of GAP and GEF in activating GTPases?
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Q3
Justify the importance of lac operon envisioned in the molecular regulation of gene expression.
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- Q1 There are similarities and differences during regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Promoters, transcription factors and RNA polymerase are essential elements in transcription but their properties and function may differ. b) Hypothesize the transcription of eukaryotic genes using prokaryotic promoter with further explanation.Q1. Genome-wide RNAi screens target expression of > 16,000 genes. Explain how each of these 16,000+ bacterial strains would be engineered in order that they only cause gene silencing of the intended target.Q1. Bioluminescence is emitted by the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri in response to the concentration of a chemical signal. The luxCDABEG genes form part of an operon that encodes all of the structural components necessary for light production. At high cell density, the concentration of the inducer increases and can bind to LuxR protein which then activates transcription of the operon. What kind of operon is the Lux operon? [Positive Inducible, Positive Repressible, Negative Inducible, Negative Repressible?] Q2. A population of bacteria has a Lux operon that produces bioluminesence via an autoinducer that activates a transcription factor. You grow a flask of cells that have a loss-of-function mutation in the gene that encodes the enzyme that produces an autoinducer. What is the predicted bioluminesence in this population at high and low density?
- Explain how targeted gene silencing and knockout mutations can give insights into the functions of a gene.Ⓒ Macmillan Learning Classify the given examples of prokaryotic gene expression as positive or negative gene regulation. 54 $ R In the presence of excess tryptophan, a repressor protein binds the operator of the trp operon and prevents the operon from being transcribed. In the absence of lactose, the lacR repressor protein binds the lac operon. F4 Positive gene regulation In the presence of the sugar arabinose, an activator protein binds the promoter of the genes responsible for processing arabinose and induces their transcription. In the presence of iron, the dtxR repressor protein binds DNA, and the gene that encodes for the diphtheria toxin is not expressed. % 5 In the presence of lactose and low glucose, the lac operon expressed 20-fold higher than in the absence of lactose. T F5 < 6 MacBook Air MA F6 Answer Bank & 7 F7 Y U * 8 DII F8 Negative gene regulation 1 ( 9 F9 O ) - C J F10 | ! LICQ6. The bacterium Rhizobium radiobacter is well known to biologists because it has the rather astonishing ability to cause natural genetic engineering. That is, several genes are moved from the bacterial cells directly into the nucleus of cells of many higher plant species. Expression of these transferred genes in the infected plants stimulates cell division, creating a mass of undifferentiated tissue. Which of the following signals on these transferred genes could be recognized in the plant host cell but not in the original Rhizobium cell? “TATA” box transcription terminator hairpin loop intron splice signals SD box A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4
- WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence changein the TATA box of a particular gene’s promoter. Howwould that affect transcription of the gene? (SeeFigure 17.9.)• All nuclei in multicellular animals' cells have the exact identical genes. However, the sets of genes transcribed in a cell varies dramatically from one cell to the next. Explain how gene transcription patterns are regulated in various cell types.• Describe one type of gene regulation that occurs after transcription is completed.Q Measuring gene expression of a reporter gene (e.g. gfp) under the control of an unknown promoter could be used to?
- Please answer fast What role do sigma factors play in prokaryotic transcription? Which sigma factor is most commonly associated with bacterial RNA pol holoenzyme and how does it lead to the formation of the transcription-competent open complex?E30. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay can be used to study the binding of proteins to a segment of DNA. In the experiment shown here, an EMSA was used to examine the requirements for the bind- ing of RNA polymerase II (from eukaryotic cells) to the promoter of a protein-encoding gene. The assembly of general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II at the core promoter is described in Chapter 12 (Figure 12.14). In this experiment, the segment of DNA containing a promoter sequence was 1100 bp in length. The fragment was mixed with various combinations of proteins and then subjected to an EMSA. Lane 1: No proteins added Lane 2: TFID Lane 3: TFIIB Lane 4: RNA polymerase I| Lane 5: TFID + TFIIB Lane 6: TFID + RNA 1 2 4 5 6 polymerase II| Lane 7: TFIID + TFIIB + RNA polymerase I| 1100 bp Explain which proteins (TFIID, TFIIB, or RNA polymerase II) are able to bind to this DNA fragment by themselves. Which transcrip- tion factors (i.e., TFIID or TFIIB) are needed for the binding of…Explain how HOTAIR plays a role in the transcriptional regulationof particular genes.