Rate of glucose transport The below graph plots the rate of glucose transport through a membrane transporter vs glucose concentration in blood. Most likely, these data were collected in as study of which of the listed glucose transporters? 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Concentration of glucose in mg/dl
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Which listed glucose transporter is represented by the graph?
GLUT 1, GLUT 2, GLUT 3, GLUT 4, or GLUT 5
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- Number of glucose carrier proteins in membrane Glucose diffusion rate (mM/sec) 300 0.0015 500 0.0023 700 0.0031 900 0.0040 How does increasing the number of glucose carrier proteins affect glucose diffusion rate?The Na+/glucose Cotransporter The active transport of glucose is mediated by the Na+/glucose cotransporter. This is a symporter; that is, both the sodium ion and the glucose molecule are passing through the membrane in the same direction: sodium DOWN its gradient of about 140 mM outside to 10 mM inside while glucose is going UP its gradient (0.005 mM -> 5 mM) T=37oC and Vm = -70 mV CALCULATE THE ΔGin for Na+ (show work) – and is this enough energy to move glucose in? Or do you need to move 2 Na+ in for each glucose co-transported in? Explain(b) The GLUT system is highly selective for glucose. It also speeds up the rate of glucose transport across the membrane by as much as 100-fold when compared to the passive diffusion of glucose across a bilayer in the absence of any transport system. While impressive, this rate of transport is much slower than purely diffusion limited rate of movement (ie. the fastest a molecule can move by diffusion). Given this fact, on the blank plot below draw the expected relationship between the rate of GLUT-mediated transport and increasing [glucose]? Use the space below the graph to explain your answer. fast Transport Rate slow low [glucose] high (c) Next, use a dashed line on the same plot above to draw the shape of the curve when the amount of GLUT transporters in the membrane is cut in half. Briefly explain your answer in the space provided below the graph.
- The Na+ /glucose symport transports glucose from the lumen of the smallintestine into cells lining the lumen. Transport of 1 glucose molecule isdirectly coupled to the transport of 1 Na+ ion into the cell. 1 Na+out + 1 glucoseout → 1 Na+in + 1 glucoseinAssume the following conditions at 37 °C: [Na+]in = 12 mM, [Na+]out =145 mM, [glucose]out = 28 μM, and Δψ = -72 mV (inside negative).(a) What is ΔG for transport of Na+ from outside to inside under theseconditions?(b) What is the upper limit for [glucose]in under these conditions?(c) Which of the two hypothetical symports shown below (A or B) wouldachieve the highest concentration of [glucose]in under the conditionsdescribed above? Briefly explain your choice. A: 1 Na+out + 2 glucoseout → 1 Na+in + 2 glucosein B: 2 Na+out + 1 glucoseout → 2 Na+in + 1 glucoseinIntestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na*-glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na* lout) is 147 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+]in) is 17.0 mM, and the cell potential is -54.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. AG gluc kJ mol What is the maximum ratio of [glucose]in to [glucose] out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient? 1.13 2.3 × 10-4 8.36 4300Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Nat-glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na+]out) is 155 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+ lin) is 21.0 mM, and the cell potential is -52.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. AGgluc = kJ mol What is the maximum ratio of [glucose] in to [glucose]out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient? O 2700 7.89 O 1.14 3.7 x 10-4
- O Att Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Nat-glucose symporter. Recall that the Nat concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Nat ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Nat concentration outside the cell ([Na lout) is 161 mM and that inside the cell ([Na* Jm) is 17.0 mM, and the cell potential is -50.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. What is the maximum ratio of (glucose] to [glucoselout 10.62 kJ AG gluc mol that could theoretically be produced if the energy Incorrect coupling were 100% efficient? O 1.13 8.24 3800 2.6 x 10 IncorrectIntestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na-glucose symporter. Recall that the Na* concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na* ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Nat concentration outside the cell ([Na lout) is 141 mM and that inside the cell ([Na* lin) is 19.0 mM, and the cell potential is -52.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. AGglac 9.63 Incorrect kJ mol What is the maximum ratio of [glucose), to [glucose)out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient? O 2700 1.13 3.7 x 10- 7.90Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na+– glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na+]out) is 163 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+]in) is 21.0 mM, and the cell potential is −54.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C.
- The following table shows experimental results of the glucose transport rate, mM/sec, following facilitated diffusion by glucose carrier proteins. (Recall: the starting conc. L represents glucose added to one side of the membrane; distilled water, omM of glucose was added to the other side of the membrane). The rate of glucose transport was 0.0031 mm/sec with 8mM of glucose (run number 4, highlighted); the rate decreased to 0.0017 mM/sec with 10mM of glucose (run 5, highlighted). Why was the rate of glucose transport slower when the concentration gradient was increased? Experiment Results Run Number Solute 1 1 2 2 3 33 4 4 5 6 6 Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Cl Glucose Start Conc. L Start Conc. R (MM) (mM) 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 Carriers 500 500 500 500 700 700 700 700 100 100 700 700 Rate (mm/sec) 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0010…If a skeletal muscle has depleted its stores of ATP how will the altered transport properties of the following transporters affect cytosolic ion concentrations (increase, decrease, no change) relative to normal? Skeletal Muscle Cell With Depleted ATP Stores Ion transporter Cytosolic K+ Cytosolic Na+ Cytosolic Ca2+ NKA NCX SERCACalculate the maximum ratio that can be achieved by the plasma membrane Na+-glucose symporter of an epithelial cell when [Na+]in is 12 mM, [Na+]out is 145 mM, the membrane potential is −50 mV (inside negative), and the temperature is 37 °C.
