Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na-glucose symporter. Recallthat the Na* concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill"transport of two Na* ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell.If the Nat concentration outside the cell ([Na lout) is 141 mM and that inside the cell ([Na* lin) is 19.0 mM, and the cellpotential is -52.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell.Assume the temperature is 37 °C.AGglac9.63IncorrectkJmolWhat is the maximum ratio of [glucose), to [glucose)outthat could theoretically be produced if the energycoupling were 100% efficient?O 27001.133.7 x 10-7.90

The change in Gibbs free energy value (∆G) for the transport of a solute across a membrane is the…

Answered: Intestinal epithelial cells pump…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Why is cytosolic K+ highly concentrated when the extracellular K+ concentration is low even though K+ flow freely through leak channels?
One thousand Ca2+ channels open in the plasma membrane of a cell that is 1000 μm3 in size and has a cytosolic Ca2+ concentration of 100 nM. for how long would the channels need to stay open in order for the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration to rise to 5 μm? There is virtually unlimited Ca2+ available in the outside medium (the extracellular Ca2+ concentration in which most animal cells live is a few millimolar), and each channel passes 106 Ca2+ ions per second.
serotonin [µM] 0.025 transport rate A [dpm/min] 300.0 transport rate B [dpm/min] 10 0.08 920.0 30.0 0.25 2500.0 100.0 0.7 5400.0 350.0 2 8800.0 1100.0 9100.0 3000.0 11. Draw a graph (by using Excel or similar), plotting the serotonin concentration against the transport rate under both conditions. 12. What transport rates for each condition would you expect if the experiment was repeated using 12µM ['H] serotonin? Add your estimate into the table above. 13. Examine the plot obtained for condition A; what can you conclude with regards to whether or not the transport of serotonin into these cells requires a protein? Explain your conclusion. 14. Compare the plots of the transport rates for both conditions. What is most likely mechanism of transport for serotonin into these cells? Explain your interpretation.
Describe the production of dNTPs from their corresponding NDPs.
Ion transporters are “linked” together—not physi-cally, but as a consequence of their actions. For example,cells can raise their intracellular pH, when it becomes tooacidic, by exchanging external Na+ for internal H+, usinga Na+–H+ antiporter. The change in internal Na+ is thenredressed using the Na+-K+ pump.A. Can these two transporters, operating together,normalize both the H+ and the Na+ concentrations insidethe cell?B. Does the linked action of these two pumps causeimbalances in either the K+ concentration or the mem-brane potential? Why or why not?
According to the “Hawaiian Punch” principle, different compartments of the secretory and endocytic pathways are topologically equivalent to each other and to the extracellular space. Explain how vesicular transport generates this topological equivalence. These compartments are topologically equivalent because molecules can move between them without having to move out of the cell. Transport vesicles cause this “topological equivalence” because they are responsible for the actual movement of the molecules mentioned above. They break off from one compartment, carrying the necessary molecules, and then fuse to its targeted compartment; thus, making the compartments topologically equivalent. During mitosis in mammalian cells, the nuclear envelope breaks down into vesicles. Are the topological properties of the cell altered by this event? Justify your answer.
Is the movement of sodium through SGlut-1 during co-transport simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, or secondary active transport? And is the movement of glucose through SGlut-1 during co-transport simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, or secondary active transport?
a skeletal muscle cell has depleted its stores of ATP how will the altered transport properties of the NKA transporter affect cytosolic calcium concentrations (increase, decrease, no change) relative to normal? Why?
Compare the plots of the transport rates for both conditions. What is most likely mechanism of transport for serotonin into these cells? Explain your interpretation.
The uptake of l-ascorbate (vitamin C) and its oxidized form, dehydro-l-ascorbic acid (DHAA), was evaluated in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from adult human small intestine. Ascorbate uptake was Na+-dependent and potential-sensitive (Km, 200 umol/L), whereas DHAA transport occurred through Na+-independent facilitated diffusion (Km, 800 µmol/L). If the Vmax of vitamin C import through channels is 401µmol/min/cm2, what import rate would you expect if the lumen contained 133 µmol/L of the version of vitamin C that moves through them?
Our current experimental procedure works because Con A adheres strongly to the nitrocellulose membrane while HRP hardly binds to the membrane at all. If HRP binds as strongly to the membrane as Con A does, our current scheme will not work. Assuming that's the case (HRP strongly binds to the membrane non-specifically, regardless of the presence of ConA), you will need to treat the membrane with an additional solution before treating it with HRP. What solution would that be? O Saturated NaCI solution. O Concentrated HCI. A membrane-binding protein. Concentrated glucose slution.
A fixed amount of radiolabelled insulin was incubated with a fixed amount of anti-insulin antibody, the bound ligand was separated from free ligand at different time intervals. Draw a diagram of the concentration of the insulin/antibody complex with time. (Insulin/antibody complex is the bound ligand) asap typed only .

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