Radiation therapy is commonly used in the treatment of cancer because it interferes with the formation of the mitotic spindle. inhibits growth factor signaling pathways. induces DNA double-strand breaks. destroys oncogenes. induces mutations in tumor suppressor genes.

Q: Treatment is often seen as the most important tool for fighting cancer. Do a brief research study on…

A: The most common treatments are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Other options include targeted…

Q: Why would the failure of the p53 tumor supressor gene be more likely to cause cancer in a seventy…

A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene which regulates cell cycle.

Q: The protein p53 is activated when the cell's DNA is damaged. p53 helps to arrest the cell cycle in…

A: Cell division is controlled by a protein that is encoded by a tumor suppressor gene. Uncontrolled…

Q: Which of the following is the best example of a tumor promoter? A chemical that allows cells to…

A: Answer : Option B- a chemical that activates mTOR.  Tumour promotors are agents or chemicals that…

Q: Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells?     an increase in density…

A: Cancer is a cellular disease. Cancer leads to enormous and uncontrolled cell growth. Cancer cells…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutated single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to…

A: The repeated and uncontrollable division of cells forms a large mass called the tumor. Tumors might…

Q: Explain how p53 functions as a tumor suppressor gene. How can mutations in p53 lead to cancer, and…

A: Normal cell has low level of p53 protein. When DNA damage or other stress signals may trigger p53…

Q: Which of the following is NOT accurate? The gain of function mutation of just one copy of a tumor…

A: Tumour suppressor genes are the ones that inhibit cell survival and proliferation—these genes code…

Q: Which of the following statements related to Radiation Therapy is FALSE? Radiation therapy works by…

A: Radiation therapy is one of the common treatments for cancer. It uses high-energy particles such as…

Q: Which of the following is a trait that is detrimental to cancer cell progression? Drug Resistance…

A: Cancer is the uncontrolled cell division or proliferation that is achieved due to the loss of cell…

Q: Can we cure cancer by restoring the function of tumor suppressor proteins such as mutant p53 or pRb?…

A: Cell division is a process through which a cell produces two identical daughter cells. Cell division…

Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Contrast oncogenes and proto-oncogenes.…

A: Genetic changes are the primary cause of cancer, an incredibly complicated and multidimensional…

Q: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is a peptide hormone (ligand) that binds and activates IGF receptor…

A: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) is an enzyme that belongs to the family of enzymes known as  protein…

Q: Put a checkmark next to any of the following scenarios that would make it MORE likely that a cell…

A: Need to find all the options that produce uncontrollable cell division  and to increase chance of…

Q: The Bax gene, codes for a cytosolic protein that plays an important role in apoptosis. Growth factor…

A: Bax gene Bcl-2-associated X protein which is pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 gene family. Cell…

Q: Describe how radiation therapy,chemotherapy, and surgery may all be usedto treat cancer.

A: Cancer is a disorder that is characterised by abnormal growth of the cells which proliferates in…

Q: Which of the following mutations is MOST likely to cause cancer? A) a mutation that causes a cyclin…

A: Introduction- Cancer is a caused by the disturbances in the  controls which regulate cells and this…

Q: Explain how mutations in oncogenes and in tumor suppressorgenes cause cancer.

A: Cancer is a group of diseases that involves abnormal growth of the cell. These cells have the…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation in a single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene…

A: Tumor-supressor genes: Tumor-suppressor genes is defined as normal genes that will slow down the…

Q: T/F : Proto oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may lead to cancer if mutated multiple times.

A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes when they are mutated in specific ways. A…

Q: Gene therapy (or cell therapy) is the name of a newer type of cancer treatment. Describe an example…

A: Proteins are the ultimate machinery of functions in our body. These proteins are synthesized by the…

Q: Identify the manipulated variable and the responding variable for the study.

A: Manipulative variable in an experiment is the one variable of the experiment that the scientist…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of a fail-safe mechanism that prevents the irregular cell…

A: Uncontrolled cell division results in the development of a tumor or cancer. There are many factors…

Q: Discuss how oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are related to genes involved in the control of…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the regular genes present in the genome which are important for the…

Q: Homologous chromosomes a) are formed when the chromosomes separated during anaphase b) are a set of…

A: Chromosomes are structures made of DNA and proteins that carry an organism's genetic information.…

Q: How can a mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene contribute to the development of cancer?

A: Tumor-suppressor genes are like any other normal genes whose functions include slowing down cell…

Q: Cancer is caused by many different types of gene mutations. Some mutations are in proto-oncogenes,…

A: Cells split into new cells so that the body uses them and cancer starts with this wonderful…

Q: O The RB gene is likely hypomethylated in this individual O This individual is at much higher risk…

A: Retinoblastoma is an ocular malignancy occurring during childhood, which can affect both eyes and is…

Q: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. The exact cause of breast cancer is…

A: Breast cancer is a disease characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in the breast tissue.…

Q: Tumor suppressor genes can repair damaged DNA in the cell cycle and prevent cancer cell growth.…

A: DNA is also abbreviated as deoxyribonucleic acid that help t transit information from one generation…

Q: Describe the differences between point mutations, chromosomal translocations, and gene amplification…

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with the uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…

Q: Which of the following statements describing mutations causing cancer is false? Group of answer…

A: Mutation refers to  any change in base sequence  of DNA. Mutagen is physical or chemical agent that…

Q: original weight. His muscles are wasting, and he is weak. He tries to move around the house…

A: The three stages of carcinogenesis that can occur after exposure to ionizing radiation are…

Q: TRUE or FALSE: Cancer is not a single disease, but includes many different diseases. TRUE or FALSE:…

A: 1. Cancer is a genetic disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body…

Q: Heliodors are either red (R), yellow (Y) or an intermediate phenotype, orange.   What is the…

A: The phenotype of an individual is determined by their genotype and expressed genes, as well as…

Q: Much remains unknown about the rapid, uncontrolled growth, or what causes a tumor to metastasize.…

A: Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue. A…

Q: Which of the following would be considered a commonly acquired characteristic of cancer cells?…

A: Cancer cells exhibit a range of distinct characteristics. These characteristics, often referred to…

Q: Cancer occurs when genes that regulate the cell cycle are mutated. True False

A: Cell cycle is a kind of division which produces daughter cells from the parent cell.

Q: Cancer can arise spontaneously, but it can also be induced as a result of environmental factors such…

A: Cancer is a collection of diseases characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled growth. Cancer arises…

Q: Discuss the relationship between protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and cancer. ( no intro…

A: Cancer is a disease in which some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts…

Q: Select the statements that accurately describe different ways that translocations could lead to…

A: Answer-  (A) A translocation breaks up the sequence of a gene for a protein that stimulates…

Q: Which of the following is not a cancer risk factor.

A: Cancer is a disease which is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of living cells. It can…