Radiation therapy is commonly used in the treatment of cancer because it interferes with the formation of the mitotic spindle. inhibits growth factor signaling pathways. induces DNA double-strand breaks. destroys oncogenes. induces mutations in tumor suppressor genes.

Lord Voldemort seeks immortality to rule over the wizarding and muggle world forever. As his loyal servant, you point out to him that in his quest for horcruxes, he has forgotten about the importance of avoiding cancer as he ages. Specifically, which of the following magical spells should he learn to use? A spell that… decreases DNA repair accuracy during mitosis makes him smaller (e.g., fewer total cells) Increase the rate of mitosis increases his number of copies of p53  all of the above none of the above

An accumulation in mutations in genes involved in _______ and _______ may lead to cancer.     cell division and DNA synthesis     telomere maintenance and DNA synthesis     DNA damage response and nucleosome formation     DNA damage response and cell cycle checkpoints

Which type of mutation would NOT be involved in the inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene? gain-of-function mutation in the tumar suppressor gene loss of a whole chromosome containing the tumor suppressor gene O silencing of the gene's activity by epigenetic changes chromosomal deletion of a region containing the tumor suppressor gene

In your own words, explain metastasis and why this process is important in the prognosis of a patient, and is this an easy and efficient process for cancer cells, why or why not?

Products of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes can be     growth factors and growth factor receptors     signaling molecules like protein kinases     proteins that control DNA repair     transcription factors     all of the above

True or False: Cancers develop when many mutations develop rather than from a single mutation

Which of the following chromosomal changes would be LEAST likely to cause the development of cancer? a chromosomal deletion of a region containing the tumor suppressor gene duplication of a tumor suppressor gene a loss-of-function mutation in a tumor suppressor gene DNA methylation of the promoter of a tumor suppressor gene a mutation in a regulatory element that disrupts transcription of a tumor suppressor gene

describe how mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes cause most types of cancer

Explain the normal regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that prevents cells from becoming cancerous.