QUESTION 50 True or False: In E. coli. When glucose is scarce, cyclic AMP accumulates and binds CRP. thus activating CR True False

QUESTION 1 Insulin can have pleiotropic (wide ranging) effects in cells because • The Insulin receptor phosphorylates a family of substrates inside cells. • There are over 20 versions of the Insulin receptor expressed in vertebrates. • The Insulin receptor heterodimerizes with the GH and PRL receptors. • MRAP (membrane associated receptor proteins) couple the Insulin receptor to different effector pathways inside cells. QUESTION 2 Cholecystokinin (CCK) is accurately described by which of the following statements? • It is not a member of a peptide hormone superfamily. • It binds to a 1 TMS receptor that signals through guanylate cyclase. • It is sulphated on tyrosine residues for full activity. • It is proteolytically released from POMC by gut cells. QUESTION 3 Insulin ... • is released from the pancreas in vertebrates and invertebrates. • Is released from the vertebrate pancreas in response to hyperglycemia. • is released from the vertebrate pancreas in a response to hypoglycemia. •…

Question 26 In most species (although not proven in humans), the protein FOX01: increases the expression of genes related to greater longevity O is deactivated by caloric restriction is activated by insulin signalling O all of the above

Question 2: lon channels are the key to cell signaling in the body. The voltage gated calcium channels discussed in question one are a part of that. These systems are in delicate balance, keeping ion concentrations around the cell at a specific level so that an electrical signal can travel, in this case, down a skeletal muscle, and cause a contraction. Both hypokalemic (too few ions) periodic paralysis and hyperkalemic (too many ions) periodic paralysis are caused by mutations to the CACNA1S gene. If a mutation created a hyperkalemic periodic paralysis phenotype, that mutation could be characterized as for the CACNA1s gene A. Gain of Function B. Loss of Function C. Null D. Silent If a mutation created a hypokalemic periodic paralysis phenotype, that mutation could be characterized as for the CACNA1s gene A. Gain of Function B. Loss of Function C. Null D. Silent

QUESTION 42 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? O a. In a protein kinase cascade, the signal is amplified at each step of the cascade. O b. The major difference between a cell that responds to a signal and one that does not is the presence of a receptor O c. Adenylyl cyclase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to CAMP. Od. In a protein kinase cascade, variation in the response is not possible. O e. Signals can reach target cells in multicellular organisms by diffusion or by circulation in the blood.

Question 13 Lantus differs from "normal" insulin in that: Select one: O a. The usual insulin molecule has been combined with zine isophane Ob. Aglycine has been substituted in at A21, and two new arginines have been added as B31 and B3a Oc. An aspartic acid has been substituted for proline at Ba8 O d. A"C-peptide" chain has been added O e. The proline at B28 and the lysine at Ba9 have been reversed

QUESTION 42 In the pathway M1 + M2 → M3+ M4, enzyme E facilitates the reaction. If compound M4 is further metabolized through a series of steps to form compound M10, and compound M10 inhibits enzyme E, one could conclude that O a. enzyme E is subject to feedback inhibition. O b. enzyme E is subject to feedback stimulation. O c. compound M4 is an allosteric activator of the first reaction. O d. compound M10 is a competitive inhibitor of the first reaction. O e. compound M4 is a coenzyme in the first reaction. Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. 2 =9³ F2 #3 20 F3 $ 4 F4 % 5 FS. MacBook Pro WERT & 7 Y E * ∞

QUESTION 5 True or False: Both anaerobic and aerobic organisms produce CO2 as a result of glucose catabolism.  True  False

QUESTION 31 Yeasts are single-celled organisms that can grow in aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Explain how and why a yeast population growing in an aerobic environment would be affected if the environment suddenly became an anaerobic one. In your discussion, address energy, growth rate, and gene expression. TTTT Paragraph Arial 三,E.T E === =S T T, 1 • v 3 (12pt) ABC Of Mashups TK@回 田 困曲 田8目田困□0MTML css Path: p Words:0 |

QUESTION 18 Stable molecules that resemble the transition state of enzyme catalyzed reactions are very potent inhibitors. Provide an explanation as to why these compounds are better than inhibitors based on the substrate. TT TT Paragraph v v 3 (12pt) = - E · T Arial T T, O Mashups 66 HTHL CSS CS Scanned with CamScanner