Lantus differs from "normal" insulin in that: Select one: Oa. The usual insulin molecule has been combined with zinc isophane O b. Aglycine has been substituted in at A21, and two new arginines have been added as Bgt and Bga Oc. An aspartic acid has been substituted for proline at Ba8 Od. A"C-peptide" chain has been added Oe. The proline at B28 and the lysine at B29 have been reversed

Which of the following are true about how pancreatic β cells sense blood glucose levels and release insulin?  (select all that apply) Group of answer choices The first step of glycolysis (producing glucose 6-phosphate) is more efficient in pancreatic β cells than in muscle glucose transporters in pancreatic β cells have a higher affinity for glucose than the transporters in other tissues Increased production of ATP is used as a signal that blood glucose is high Insulin is released when blood glucose levels are high Increases in ATP open a K+ channel Influx of Ca2+ stimulates insulin release

In the indicated tissues, how will each process or the activity of each enzyme below be affected by the signal sent upon Glucagon secretion? Use an up (t) or down (1) arrow or NC (no change). (Hint: Decide what pathways will be up-regulated first, then look at the enzymes below!) + Triacylglygerol Lipase (Adipocytes) Phosphofructokinase-2 (Liver) Insulin secretion (Pancreas) Pyruvate Kinase (Muscle) Glycogen Phosphorylase (Liver) Phosphofructokinase-1 (Liver) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (Liver) Fatty Acid Biosynthesis (Liver) PEP Carboxxkinase (Liver) Phosphorylation of Perilipins (Adipocytes) Adenylate Cyclase (Liver) Glycogen Synthase (Liver) Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Hexokinase II (Muscle)

Please match the following

Vitamin K questionsa) What transformation of glutamate side chains is Vitamin K (as its reduced form, VitaminKH2) involved in, and what is the relevance of this reaction to blood clotting?b) How does the blood thinner Coumadin (warfarin) prevent clotting?c) How can the dietary intake of large amounts of green vegetables, such as broccoli or kaleinterfere with the action of Coumadin?

1.20-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was hospitalized with confused consciousness,fever,nausea,vomiting and fruity smelling breath. A urine sample was strongly positive for ketone bodies.Why would an insulin injection decrease her ketone body production? For the answer: a) indicatethe causes of diabetes mellitus:describe the scheme of signal transduction by insulin. b)compare the blood glucose levels in healthy patients and in patients with diabetes mellitus; c)explain why ketone bodies synthesis is activated in this patient: describe the schemes of ketone bodies synthesis and oxidation.

Many signals. Match the characteristic (a-i) with the appropriate hormone (1-6). de a. Secreted by adipose tissue. 1. leptin b. Stimulates liver gluconeogenesis. 2. adiponectin c. GPCR pathway d. Satiety signal. 3. GLP-1 4. CCK e. Enhances insulin secretion 5. insulin f. Secreted by the pancreas during a fast 6. glucagon g. Secreted after a meal. h. Stimulates glycogen synthesis i. Missing in type 1 diabetes

Which of these enzymes/complexes will insulin activate in the liver?  Choose all that apply.   Glycogen synthase Glycogen phosphorylase Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Carnitine shuttle PFK-1 FBPase-1

93. In an experiment to determine the effect of the route of administration of glucose on insulin secretion, a healthy 25-year-old man is given oral glucose and an equivalent dose of intravenous glucose on different days. Serum studies show that the insulin concentrations are greater after oral glucose than after intravenous glucose. In comparison with intravenous glucose, oral glucose augments insulin secretion by which of the following actions? A) Decreases secretion of glucagon B) Decreases secretion of somatostatin C) Increases secretion of acetylcholine D) Increases secretion of epinephrine E) Increases secretion of gastrointestinal hormones

Discuss the differences in plasma glucose contents, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate contents and plasma insulin contents among the normal feed rats, 24 hr starved rats and 48 hr starved rats.