Polycistronic mRNA are common in bacteria but seldom occur in eukaryotes. Describe the key differences in mRNA structure and subsequent translation that support this observation. Answer in 250 words and cover all parts.

The translation of an mRNA begins with the codon AUG, and an initiator tRNA is required to start translation. List the mechanistic steps in eukaryotes that allow the initiator tRNA to begin searching for the start codon.

Group I and II introns are present in the following classes of RNAS. MRNAS O MIRNAS SİRNAS TRNAS

The mRNA formed from the repeating tetranucleotide UUACincorporates only three amino acids, but the use of UAUC incorporates four amino acids. Why?

Eukaryotes modify mRNA with an m7G cap: an  N7-methylated guanosine linked via a 5′ to 5′ triphosphate linkage, and by methylation at the 2'-hydroxyl of the penultimate nucleoside. What cofactors involved in the capping reaction? Show their structure and properties

Select all of the factors in the list below that play a role in the translation initiation of eukaryotic cells.   the Kozak sequence eIF4G 3'-polyA tail fMet-tRNA the Shine-Dalgarno sequence eIF4E 5'-CAP PolyA Binding Protein (PABP)

Name the three forms of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and describe their structures.Discuss how these three RNA forms create proteins in eukaryotes

If the two ribosomal subunits did not come together during translation, and the small subunit attempted to facilitate translation alone, why would translation not occur? Explain with reference to mRNA and tRNA.

Indicate the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the following mRNA molecule.  Use the genetic code table and assume that the very first “AUG” the ribosome encounters will serve as the start codon and specify methionine. 5’-AAUUCAUGCCCAAAUUUGGGGCACGAAGCUUCUUAGGCUAGUCCUAAAAAA-3’

Explain translation termination and re-initiation and they are similar and different in bacteria and euakryotes