Eukaryotes modify mRNA with an m7G cap: an  N7-methylated guanosine linked via a 5′ to 5′ triphosphate linkage, and by methylation at the 2'-hydroxyl of the penultimate nucleoside. What cofactors involved in the capping reaction? Show their structure and properties

In eukaryotes there is not a consistent relationship between the length of the coding sequence of a gene and the length of the mature mRNA it encodes, even though one nucleotide in DNA = one nucleotide in pre-mRNA or primary transcript.  Explain why this is so.

Identify the correct recognition site for ribosomal subunit binding during translation. the 30s subunit binds to the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 3’ end of eukaryotic mRNA the 60s subunit binds to the “Shine-Dalgarno” sequence at the 5’ end of eubacterial mRNA the 40s subunit binds to the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5’ end of eukaryotic mRNA the 70s subunit binds to the “Shine-Dalgarno” sequence at the 5’ end of eukaryotic mRNA the 50s subunit binds to the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 3’ end of eubacterial mRNA

How would a null mutation in the guanylyl transferase gene affect overall mRNA stability in eukaryotic cells?

For each of the following initiation factors, how would eukaryotic initiation of translation be affected if it were missing? A. eIF 2 B. eIF4 C. eIF5

A synthetic mRNA added to a cell-free protein-synthesizing system produces a peptide with the following amino acid sequence: Met-ProIle-Ser-Ala. What would be the effect on translation if the following component were omitted from the cell-free protein-synthesizing system? What, if any, type of protein would be produced? Explain your reasoning. Q. Elongation factor Tu

Using the transcription unit diagrammed below, in which exons are represented by blue boxes and introns are represented by the connecting lines.  You discover a single base deletion in region E of this DNA sequence. Regarding transcription, this mutation will likely: 1.) Result in an alteration to the mRNA sequence. 2.)Have no effect on transcription or the mRNA sequence 3.)Prevent transcription at the TATAA box 4.) Result in an increase or decrease in the amount of mRNA transcribed

Explain what is meant by the coupling of transcription and translation in bacteria. Does coupling occur in bacterial and/or eukaryotic cells? Explain.