Please choose one of these choicesA. Since protein A is embedded in the membrane., the mutation will be silent and not affect the cellular response.B. The molecule that normally binds to protein A will not enter the cell, thus no cellular response will occur.C. The molecule that normally binds to protein A will no longer attach, deactivating the cellular response.D. Production if activated molecule 1 will stop, bht production of activated molecules 2 and 3 will continue. StampedA DNA mutation changes the shape of the extracellular domain oftransmembrane receptor protein A produced by the cell. Which of the followingpredictions is the most likely consequence of the mutation? *Figure 1 shows a model of a signal transduction cascade, initiated by the binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor protein A.Ligand-TransmembraneProtein AActivatedMolecule 1ActivatedMolecule 2UnactivatedMoleculesActivatedMolecule 3

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA which may or may not affect the structure of proteins.

Science

Biology

Please choose one of these choices A. Since protein A is embedded in the membrane., the mutation will be silent and not affect the cellular response. B. The molecule that normally binds to protein A will not enter the cell, thus no cellular response will

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1VCQ: Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Explain the mechanism of Warburg effect and how it benefits cancer cells?

A: Warburg effect is a characteristic behavior shown by cancer cells in which their glucose uptake is…

Q: Oncogenes show a of mutation, while tumor suppressor genes show a of mutations. is the process by…

A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread…

Q: Which of the following best describes a gene that codes for a tumor-suppressor protein? a. One that…

A: Cell growth is the process by which cells gain mass and expand in size. Animal cells that are…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of fail-safe mechanisms that prevent the irregular cell…

A: Cancer is the uncontrolled cell division where he ell continuously divides. Cancer cells thus become…

Q: Describe the processes of cellular signaling and metabolism that are altered during the…

A: Metabolism is defined as the entire quantity of biochemical events that occur in an organism's cells…

Q: Which of these is a characteristic of cancer cells? a. They do not exhibit contact inhibition. b.…

A: Cancer cells are specialized cells that possess the ability of uncontrolled division, leading up to…

Q: A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails to die when he adds an inducer of apoptosis to his…

A: Apoptosis is the programmed cell death. It occurs as a cell response to various signalling pathways,…

Q: Assuming that apoptosis fails and the cell continues through several cell cycles... what would the…

A: Introduction Almost all cells in the body can divide and form new daughter cells however, there…

Q: What is the role of executioner proteins in apoptosis?a. They kill the cell by destroying its…

A: Apoptosis is a cellular process which is a programmed cell death mechanism. Whenever any cell starts…

Q: HIV could be used to cure Kaposi’s sarcoma by a. causing the cells to express exogenous surface cell…

A: The human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) virus, commonly known as the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated…

Q: A rare mutation can result in eukaryotic cells that causes a failure in the cell to synthesize the…

A: Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) is a ribonucleoprotein that identifies signal peptide-bearing…

Q: Which of the following must scientists understand in order to create effective cancer treatments?…

A: Effective cancer treatment in the order of b a d c. b. Where cancer originated : Scientists first…

Q: BAX proteins stimulate apoptosis. Mutations in BAX genes can help developing cancers but not…

A: BAX is more widely expressed in tissues and is involved in the cell death regulation both in…

Q: Stem cells have the potential to transform into any of the various cell types in the body, and thus…

A: The conditions which can be treated by this treatment are:- 1) aplastic anemia 2) acute leukemia 3)…

Q: b. Individuals with these cancers may be treated with one of the following chemotherapeutic drugs.…

A: Cancer is a complex disease in which different molecules are involved in the development of this…

Q: To understand gap junction activity in cancer cells, you do two experiments. First you inject a…

A: All living things are made up of cells, which are the most basic and important unit. All of life's…

Q: Identify which of the 4 types of cell junctions are involved or being targeted in each of the…

A: The cell junction is a cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix contact within a tissue of a…

Q: f cancers are treated with surgery, chemotherapy, stem cell replacement or radiation, similar to…

A: Cancer cells can be defined as the cells that mostly divide continuously and forming the solid…

Q: Which statement, summarized from the excerpt, best supports the claim that stem cells can be used in…

Q: Which of the following is not an internal or external factor that controls cell division? a…

A: Cell division is a highly controlled process that is under tight regulation of both external and…

Q: Two mechanisms inducing Apoptosis, Extrinsic pathway and Intrinsic pathway, have difference and…

Q: New treatments for several conditions are being developed using stem cells in medical waste, such as…

A: Cells are defined as the smallest and basic unit of life which provides structure to the body of the…

Q: pluripotent stem cells have allowed scientists to model various diseases and screen drugs in these…

A: The stem cells are the specific cells that can produce a complete plant or animal by the process of…

Q: Researchers obtain a pure solution of antibodies that bind specifically to the cadherins (linking…

A: Agglutination reaction is a reaction or process which occurs when a antigen is mixed with its…

Q: Cells in a tumor contain mutated copies of a particular gene that promotes tumor growth. Gene…

A: An oncogene helps in control cell division and contributes to cancer progression whereas a tumor…

Q: Consider the nature of cell signaling pathway outcomes. Which of the following is a benign mutation…

A: The correct option is C Results in increased p53 Activity. explanation In a normal cell there are…

Q: What is the function of tight junctions? a. To allow cells to move b. To keep cells from moving c.…

A: Given: The function of tight junction.

Q: Explain the following figure. According to this model, what are the two major phases of metastasis…

A: The figures tells about the metastasis. Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells to the healthy or…

Q: A tumor suppressor gene (TSG) codes for a protein that is part of the system that regulates cell…

A: Normal genes that halt cell division or fix DNA errors are known as tumor suppressor genes. Such…

Q: Please answer subquestions 1.a and 1.b Question 1.a: A mutation in MAPK makes it constitutively…

A: mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a highly conserved protein kinase in eukaryotes and…

Q: following? Question 89 options: a) Decreased production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)…

A: Iodine deficiency cause enlargement of thyroid gland and cause many problems. Dietary deficiency…

Q: Mutations in the signalling pathways depicted above have been associated with an increased incidence…

A: Cancer is a disease which is caused by the uncontrolled growth of the cells, without regulation of…

Q: Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of tumor-suppressor gene? a)…

A: Cells that progress through the cell cycle unchecked may sequentially develop malignant tumors.…

Q: Is the regulation shown (denoted by?) positive or negative regulation? Explain why the type of…

A: A feedback loop is a biological process wherein the output or the final product of a system…

Q: Please explain the regulatory role of Bcl-2 family proteins in cell death?

A: BCL-2 family proteins are the controllers of apoptosis, yet additionally have different functions to…

Q: P53 is a tumor suppressor protein. The protein is present in the cell at all times but is…

A: Given information: P53 is a tumor suppressor protein. The protein is present in the cell at all…

Q: Human cells are highly resistant to transformation. Experiments have shown that 5 regulatory…

A: As per bartleby guidelines experts are allowed to answer only 1 question. Please post the other…

Q: Please select a disease (like cancer) that can be modeled through the generation of induced…

A: * Induced pluripotent stem cells are usually will produce insulin and CRISPR which is used to…

Q: The following are immunofluorescent images of actin filaments inside cells. If image C represents a…

A: Cell migration is an important process, both in unicellular organisms such as amoeba and in highly…

Q: Define the following terms:a. tumor promoterb. guanine nucleotide exchange factorc. DAGd. steady…

A: a. Tumor promoters : Tumor promoters are substances that increase the tumorigenicity (tumor…

Q: Compare and contrast the processes of cell cycle and apoptosis and give an example of a drug or…

A: * cell cycle cell shows a series of events which takes place in a cell as it divides and grows. *A…

Q: MPF plays an important role during the regulation of the cell cycle. give examples that will support…

A: Cell cycle relates to the cascade of development and division sequences of a cell. Basically, the…

Q: With regard to cancer cells, which of the following statementsare true?A. Cancer cells are clonal,…

A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal growth of cells, which tend to proliferate in an…

Q: One important role of Fas and Fas ligand is to mediate the elimination of tumor cells by killer…

A: Fas and Fas Ligand are two molecules that regulate of cell death. Their interaction is responsible…

Q: The refers to the potential that a stem cell has to give rise to many different cell types.

A: Answer: STEM CELLS = These are the special type of cells which have the ability to differentiated in…

Q: The diagram shows the relative activity of a proto-oncogene and a tumor supressor gene in a normal…

A: Proto oncogene: The gene that is important for normal cell growth. Mutations in these proto…

Q: Would a drug that induced apoptosis or one that induced necrosis be preferable for treatment of…

A: INTRODUCTION Flowcytometry Flowcytometry is a technique that simultaneously measures and analyse…

Q: Imagine you have used cBioportal and breast cancer patient datasets and identified a…

A: Introduction :- Cancer is defined as the uncontrolled and un-regulated proliferation of cells , due…

Concept explainers

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.

Question

Please choose one of these choices A. Since protein A is embedded in the membrane., the mutation will be silent and not affect the cellular response. B. The molecule that normally binds to protein A will not enter the cell, thus no cellular response will occur. C. The molecule that normally binds to protein A will no longer attach, deactivating the cellular response. D. Production if activated molecule 1 will stop, bht production of activated molecules 2 and 3 will continue.

Stamped
A DNA mutation changes the shape of the extracellular domain of
transmembrane receptor protein A produced by the cell. Which of the following
predictions is the most likely consequence of the mutation? *
Figure 1 shows a model of a signal transduction cascade, initiated by the binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor protein A.
Ligand-
Transmembrane
Protein A
Activated
Molecule 1
Activated
Molecule 2
Unactivated
Molecules
Activated
Molecule 3

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Step 3

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

GTP binding proteins are molecular switches. How do GTP binding proteins work? Provide two examples of GTP binding proteins that function in intracellular protein transport. Make a drawing that illustrates the function of each of these proteins in their respective roles. Predict the direct outcome of a mutation that: Inhibits GTPase activity Inhibits interaction with the GEF
G protein coupled receptors play an important role in signal transduction in many cells. Label the four essential components of the G protein coupled receptor signaling system (blanks a-d in the picture) by choosing from the menus below. a b b Each answer will be used at most once, while some will not be used at all (select one for each): Group of answer choices transcription factor с transcription factor Show Transcribed Text d transcription factor B C. transcription factor G protein second messenger G protein second messenger IE G protein second messenger G protein second messenger receptor receptor receptor receptor enzyme enzyme enzyme enzyme steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormone
When you think about the primary structure of the mannose-6-P receptor, assuming that it is an integral membrane protein with one membrane-spanning domain and assuming that it has a ERSS, what are all of the different protein domains that must be present in this protein's primary structure to get it to where it needs to go and to carry out all of the functions/activities? (Draw a schematic of the protein structure/sequence and explain each region). What do you think would happen to a soluble protein that normally contains a KDEL tag (ER retrieval) if the tag was cleaved off (where would the protein end up)?
The figure from Moore (2020) shows a G protein-coupled receptor in a membrane. Note that "out" means outside the cell and "in" means facing the cytoplasm. The three amino acids "DRY" in loop I2 are required for protein targeting. What is the name of this kind of sequence, and what is its function? What protein targeting sequence is no longer included in this diagram? Why? The sequence "QXXNK" (where X is any amino acid) found in loop I3 has been identified based on its enzymatic activity. What is this activity? What particular domain would you expect to find in either Loop E1, E2, or E3? The gene that codes for this protein is a member of a family of genes that has arisen over evolutionary time. If you compared several of the genes in this family, would you expect their sequences to be most homologous (similar) in the region you describe in #3 above or #4 above? Why?
3) The “Met" receptor is a membrane receptor protein responsible for initiating signal transduction pathways that cause cells to divide, among other things. After the Met receptor has been stimulated by its specific growth factor, another protein called c- Cbl will bind to the Met receptor. C-Cbl will then attach a chain of small proteins called ubiquitin to the Met receptor. These chains of ubiquitin help the cell recognize that the Met receptor should undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis, which eventually leads to the destruction of the Met receptor. Circle any answer or answers that include mutations that could cause the cell to potentially become a cancer cell. A) a mutation causing there to be too much ubiquitin protein produced. B) a mutation causing c-Cbl to be inactivated. C) a mutation causing ubiquitin to be inactivated. D) a mutation causing there to be too few Met receptors produced. E) a mutation causing the Met receptor to no longer be able to bind to its growth factor.…
An SH2-containing protein contains a mutation that changes its binding pocket such that tyrosine and phosphotyrosine bind with equal afﬁnity. As a result, MEK activity: does not change with receptor dimerization and transautophosphorylation decreases due to changes in Raf activation increases with ligand binding-induced dimerization decreases due to allosteric inhibition of SH2-domain binding
The affinity of integrins for matrix components canbe modulated by changes to their cytoplasmic domains:a process known as inside-out signaling. You have iden-tified a key region in the cytoplasmic domains of αIIbβ3integrin that seems to be required for inside-out signaling(Figure Q19–3). Substitution of alanine for either D723in the β chain or R995 in the α chain leads to a high levelof spontaneous activation, under conditions where thewild-type chains are inactive. Your advisor suggests thatyou convert the aspartate in the β chain to an arginine(D723R) and the arginine in the α chain to an aspartate(R995D). You compare all three α chains (R995, R995A,and R995D) against all three β chains (D723, D723A, andD723R). You find that all pairs have a high level of sponta-neous activation, except D723 vs R995 (the wild type) andD723R vs R995D, which have low levels. Based on theseresults, how do you think the αIIbβ3 integrin is held in itsinactive state?
You perform a competition study on a GPCR. You have isolated the plasma membrane from cells which contains the GPCR of interest. If an agonist and an inverse agonist are at equal concentrations in your study but the inverse agonist has a 10 x higher affinity for the receptor than the agonist, what would you expect to be the overall outcome to be? More of the agonist is bound and so most of the receptor is in its active conformation and is stimulated More of the inverse agonist is bound and so most of the receptor is in its inactive conformation and is unstimulated.
The G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway elicits diverse intracellular responses in different cells. The basic steps of GPCR signaling are outlined in this diagram. Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of GPCR signaling? The GPCR activation is reversible after the signal of the ligand diminishes. The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to initiate gene expression. The ligand attaches to both the GPCR and the membrane-embedded enzyme to activate the GPCR pathway. The ligand-bound GPCR sends a GTP molecule to an enzyme in the membrane and switches it into an active state.
TGF-B Receptor I (RI) phosphorylation of Smad2/3 does all of the following EXCEPT: activate Smad2/3 binding to the Co-Smad Smad4 dissociate intramolecular binding of Smad2/3 MH1 and MH2 domains. RI phosphorylation of Smad2/3 does all of these things. release Smad2/3 from the nucleus into the cytoplasm unmask the Smad2/3 nuclear localization signal (NLS).
GTP is an important high-energy molecule that facilitates the activation of many cellular sig- nal transduction pathways. Certain genetic dysfunctions can inhibit the ability of a cell to synthesize GTP. Which of the following describes the most direct result of GTP synthesis inhibition? A B с D The cell would be able to carry out reception and transduction but would not be able to produce the cellular response in the relevant signal transduction pathway. The G protein-coupled receptor will not be able to bind corresponding ligands, inhibiting the reception components of the relevant signal transduction pathway. The cell will use ATP instead of GTP to activate the G protein on the intracellular region of the G protein-coupled receptor. The cell would not be able to activate G proteins on the intracellular regions of G pro- tein-coupled receptors.
Histamine acts by binding to specialized membrane proteins called histamine H 1 receptors. These receptors, found in specific cells, are integral membrane proteins that possess seven transmembrane a-helical regions. The amino terminus of the protein is extracellular, while the C-terminus is cytoplasmic. The binding of histamine to the extracellular portion of the H 1 receptor prompts a conformational change in the intracellular C-terminus region of the protein. This conformational change triggers numerous intracellular signaling events that stimulate the immune response in cells containing the receptor. There are numerous anti-histamine drugs available commercially. Some of the most popular are shown here side by side with histamine: HCHS NH- Allegra H2N histamine Claritin Propose a reasonable mode of action by which these antihistamines exert their activity. Include relevant details about the system of your own choosing.