Overview of Cell Signaling Pathways Q7.2: A first messenger molecule activates a receptor that stimulates Enzyme A, which synthesizes 100 second messenger molecules. In turn, each second messenger activates only one molecule of Enzyme B, which once activated, phosphorylates 100 molecules of Enzyme C that each phosphorylate 75 molecules of Enzyme D. In the last step, each Enzyme D phosphorylates 50 transcription factors.  How many transcription factors are phosphorylated in response to the first messenger binding to the receptor?  How many transcription factors would be phosphorylated if one copy of the Enzyme D gene were inactivated (heterozygous genotype) so that there were only half the number of functional Enzyme D molecules in the cell?  Explain.

Q: NORMAL SIGNALING PATHWAY REQUIRES Ras AND TWO PROTEINS, X AND Y signal molecule active Ras protein…

A: Ras signaling is a critical intracellular signaling pathway that performs a function in cellular…

Q: A DAG 10-in GPCR signaling, the cleavage of PIP2 results in IP3 and: B. CAMP C. Calcium D.…

A: Answer :- 10)Correct answer is Option C) phospholipase C 11)Correct answer is option B) Cyclic AMP…

Q: Which of the outcomes could potentially result if a mutation in the gene encoding the Ga subunit…

A: Heterotrimeric G protein is a complex comprised of 3 protein subunits;, and . They are often…

Q: This is the full question... "Both the cytokinin receptor encoded by CRE1 and the ethylene receptor…

A:

Q: The transphosphorylation of STAT proteins by Jannus Kinase causes: a. formation of STAT heterodimers…

A: Solution - c is correct option- formation of stat heterodimer which act as transcription factor.

Q: Descrive in 2-3 sentences an in vitro experiment that differentiates between the Arp2/3 complex’…

A: The Arp2/3 complex is a core actin nucleator that binds to the sides of existing filaments to…

Q: Which one of the listed stem cell types is not pluripotent? iPS cells Embryonic stem cells…

A: Pluripotent stem cells are cells that have the capacity to self-renew by dividing and to develop…

Q: Please answer question 1 Question 1 In order to prevent a specific event (step) from occurring in a…

A: MAPK signaling helps to amplify, relay, and integrate signals and result in physiological responses…

Q: What is allosteric regulation? Describe HOW allosteric regulation acts like an “on/off” switch for…

A: The cell signaling is the communication between cells that requires specific signaling molecules…

Q: a) The trafficked along the of the csRH protein must be cleaved off before it can be to the cell…

A: Peptide chains are processed to their final form after translation. This process occurs in the cell…

Q: G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Signaling Q.7.3: Glucagon and epinephrine both signal stress,…

A: Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.…

Q: What happens in the patched-smoothened signaling system if the hedgehog is NOT present?  A. In the…

A: A gene is a genetic molecule that is passed down from one generation (parents) to the next…

Q: Which is a.) Reduction of cancer risks b.) Correction of cancer genes or c.) Destruction of cancer…

A: Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells due to the defects in the cell…

Q: What is the purpose of osmosis lab?

A: Osmosis is defined as..

Q: Mutations in Ras are found in a majority of cancers. Which of these mutations will lead to permanent…

A: - Most of the growth factors utilize RTK mediated RAS-MAPK pathway to stimulate the cell for…

Q: You have recently identified a molecule that you believe to be a ligand associated with a signal…

A: ANSWER;- a) At the outer cell surface Hydrophilic ligands can not transverse membranes, so they must…

Q: H6

A: The cellular response to a particular extracellular signal molecule depends on its binding to a…

Q: A) Predict the consequences on the cell cycle if the amino acid tyrosine 15 of cdc2 was mutated to…

A: Cell cycle regulation is an important step in all organisms that ensures proper cell growth and…

Q: 5 Describe the roles of GAP and GEF in activating GTPases?

A: GAP stands for GTPase activating proteins. GEF stands for Guanine nucleotide  exchange  factors .

Q: Q1. Explain why GDP cannot dissociate from the alpha subunit of the Trimeric G-protein even though…

A: the G protein coupled receptor is a transmembrane receptor which have seven transmembrane domains ,…

Q: Scientists have identified overexpression of Na+/K+ ATPases in several types of cancers plorectal…

A: It is given that we have to design a drug which is preventing the overexpression of the Na+/K+…

Q: how would an inactive complex 1 lead to cell damage and cell death as seen in Parkinson’s patients ?

A: Inactive complex 1 can lead to formation of Reactive Oxidative species(ROS) and also reduces…

Q: he cleavage step in Notch signaling that releases the notch tail so that it can migrate into the…

A: Notch signalling pathway present mostly in animals is a cell signalling system which is highly…

Q: 220. Dr. Rose Lees is a world expert on breast cancer. Choose True or False. Of all the receptors…

A: As per Bartleby policy i can solve only first question. The answer of first question - TRUE Cancer…

Q: GQ8

A: The question is asking us to understand the effect of methylation of genes in prostate cancer cells…

Q: Nuclear Receptor Signaling Q8.3:  Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory molecules that…

A: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essentially steroid hormones that are frequently utilised in curbing…

Q: An ABC transporter consists of two domains: the transmembrane domain (shown here as Y) and the…

A: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a large and ubiquitous superfamily of proteins in…

Q: Which of the following is a second messenger that ultimately causes inhibition of glycogen synthase?

A: Glycogen synthase - is a key enzyme of glycogenesis and also called as UDP- glucosyltransferase. GS…

Q: How ion channels will specifically target the cancer cell and not the normal cells or the cells…

A: Apoptosis also known as organized cell death is a mechanism through which a cell, which is no longer…

Q: Components Low blood sugar level High blood sugar level sensor G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRS)…

A: The control of blood sugar by insulin is an example of a negative feedback mechanism. Glucose…

Q: How do studies of brain development in knockout mice support the statement that apoptosis is a…

A: Apotopsis is a process of programmed cell death. It is a process in which the cell division is…

Q: "Schematic outline of melanogenesis. UVR stimulates the expression of POMC by keratinocytes. The…

A: Melanogenesis is the chemical pathway through which natural pigments known to be melanin pigments…

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Q: Classify the phrases. Does each phrase describe a kinase, a phosphatase, neither, or both? Kinases…

A: A cell deploy different strategies to regulate the activity of enzymes. One such strategy is to add…

Q: Q1. After years of hard work, you have isolated a mutant of glucocorticoid receptor. Additional…

A: The question is about a changed receptor that can join a hormone but doesn't work appropriately to…

Q: Cell communication .a) There are six main principles for transmitting a chemical signal between…

A: Cell communication is the process in which extrinsic signals are sensed and responded to. These…

Q: Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Signaling Q8.2:  What is the key activating signal in the TNF…

A: TNF is a cytokine that promotes inflammation and is a primary mediator of inflammation. TNF is a…

Q: Consider the nature of cell signaling pathway outcomes. Which of the following is a benign mutation…

A: The correct option is C Results in increased p53 Activity. explanation  In a normal cell there are…

Q: Describe the path a cell surface receptor will take when being synthesized (starting at the…

A: Cell surface receptors are receptors that are located on the plasma membranes of cells. They…

Q: Define the following terms at least 5 related contents included. 1. Cell signaling 2. Intracellular…

A: All the terms mentioned in the question are related to signalling pathways related to cell to cell…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.