How did the researchers kazutoshi takahashi and shinya yamanaka accomplish cellular reprogramming of a mouse fibroblast in their 2006 publication in cell?

Q: Malaria, one of the most pervasive and destructive of all infectious diseases, is caused by…

A: Gene regulation includes chemical and structural changes in genetic material, or mechanism which…

Q: given a situation in which you manipulated a zebrafish embryo by injecting high levels of retinoic…

A: Embryology is the branch of biology that studies the development of an organism from the fertilized…

Q: What do Desmosomes provide?

A: The space between the two adjacent cells and this opens in between the cells, they can withstand…

Q: Why do most cancer treatments at present target microtubule formation of the cell? What are the most…

A: Cancer is a systemic disease which occurs within the body cells and tissues and eventually spreads…

Q: How are desmosomes useful?

A: The intracellular or anchoring junctions that connect neighboring cells of cardiac muscle and…

Q: Woolly mammoths have been extinct for about 4,000 years, but we often find their well-preserved…

A: Using advanced molecular biology techniques, the scientists are making this challenge a reality that…

Q: If you were to design an epigenetic experiment, how would you design one? Keep in mind a good…

A: Epigenetics is the gene-level alterations that affect the functioning of DNA without actually…

Q: What is the morphologic interest that happens to the cytoplasm during cell injury

A:

Q: How might our knowledge about telomeres and telemerase be applied to anti-aging strategies? Are such…

A: Telomeres are the specific DNA–protein structures present at both ends of every chromosome. These…

Q: What advantages does compartmentalization confer on a large cell?

A: A cell is a small self-contained unit within whole organisms. It is the smallest unit of the body.…

Q: why do we use chimera for possible organ transplantation? Why not use only pig or monkey as their…

A: Chimera is an organism or tissue that contains at least two different sets of DNA, most often…

Q: What is the main difference between a stem cell and a terminally differentiated cell?

A: A body is made of two types of cells. One is a stem cell and another is a differentiated cell. Stem…

Q: What is the functional significance of homoviscous adaptation with respect to the cell and to the…

A: The adaptation of the cell membrane lipid composition to maintain proper membrane fluidity is known…

Q: What is the coefficient of relatedness (r) between the cells within a single multicellular organism?

A: The relatedness is very much important in case of altruism and also important for study of different…

Q: How does the process of programmed cell death (apoptosis) contribute to the development and…

A: Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is a natural process in which cells self-destruct in a…

Q: One important biological effect of a large dose of ionizing radiation is to halt cell division. What…

A: Cell division is the cycle by which a parent cell separates into at least two girl cells. Cell…

Q: How do cells respond to tiny gradients of molecules in their environment, as required for knowing…

A: Introduction During the developmental phase, cells have to move to form germ layers such as…

Q: How are Desmosomes helpful proteins?

A: The term desmosome was used by Josef Schaffer in 1920 to refer to the specialised protein complexes…

Q: Does sonication solubilize both nuclear and mitochondrial membrane?

A: Sonication is a technique in which sound energy is used in terms of sound waves to agitate particles…

Q: Pick and define two terms that  use to describe the various proteins/enzymes or cellular processes…

A: "Transcription" and "Translation" are two words that are frequently used to refer to proteins,…

Q: Where are stem cells located in adult animals?

A: Stem cells are multipotent cells that have the ability to differentiate into different types of…

Q: What is apoptosis? Explain cell signaling pathways that triggers it.

A: Introduction :  A multicellular organism's life cycle includes a crucial process called cell death.…

Q: What are some of the ethical issues that arise from using embryonic stem cells? (b) To avoid these…

A: Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are pluripotent cells that are derived from the inner cell mass of a…

Q: Why do most cancer treatments at present target microtubule formation of the cell? What are the most…

A: Cancer can be defined as a condition in which normal cells lost the ability to control the cell…

Q: Why are rapidly growing cancers that originate in nervous tissue more likely to be composed of…

A: Cancer is a disease that occurs when a cell loses its control over proliferation. The cell keeps on…

Q: Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Steward's (1950s) carrot experiment and Gurdon et al.…

A: Two experiments, Steward et al. (1950s) and Gurdon et al. (1975), explored the role of nucleus and…

Q: Since all cells contain the same number of chromosomes and the overall same/similar genome how would…

A: In multicellular organisms, cells with the same genetic material can exhibit diverse functions and…

Q: In 1925, E. Gorter and F. Grendel used an apparatus like that described in Problem 1 to determine…

A: Yes, these investigators were justified in concluding that “chromocytes [erythrocytes] are covered…

Q: e homeotic mutation Antennapedia causes mutant Drosophila to have legs in place of antennae and is a…

A: Dominant gain-of-function mutations affect just one copy of an allele and result in the production…

Q: Somatic stem cells are best described as ...

A: Since  the cells are somatic they would not divide through out life. They are not at dysregulated.…

Q: Researchers sought to grow blood vessels in a lab for implantation into patients with clogged…

A: Introduction :- Coronary arteries are blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart…

Q: There are two distinct models for how the Golgi network functions that scientists have yet to…

A: Golgi body also known as Golgi apparatus. This is the cell organelle that helps process and package…

Q: M06

A: Nervous system is complex system of our body that helps in coordinating bodily functions. The…

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A: The extracellular matrix is a part of tissue but not part of any cell. It holds the two cells…

Q: A controversial issue, closely related to cloning, that has caused a lot of debate is the use of…

A: Based on the above statements , I would go in for of stem cell research.  By definition, stem-cell…

Q: Following a mutagenesis experiment to identify novel genes affecting the circadian clock in…

A: When two mutatnt organisms with same phenotypes are crossed and produce offspring with a wild type…

Tissue regeneration & repair

Tissue regeneration involves the restoration of tissue components by regrowth of damaged tissues. In contrast, tissue repair involves patching of injured tissue rather than restoring it. It is the proliferative capacity of the cells that decides the amount of regeneration against the repair that would occur in the tissue. Both regeneration and repair depending on the duration of the injury and response to the inflammation.