Very briefly, explain how a ligand binding to the extracellular receptor region of a GPCR causes a change in biological events inside the cell.

Q: Define the following terms:a. SRPb. transloconc. docking proteind. SRP receptor proteine. signal…

A: Introduction: Proteins are biomolecules that consist of long chains of amino acids. The structure of…

Q: targeting a protein for the ER

A: The production of proteins for getting into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is started on the free…

Q: Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the following mechanisms of regulation: Transcriptional…

A: Mechanisms of regulation are very important in regulating the transcription and translation…

Q: Please explain the role of the SRP, SRP receptor and the protein translocator in the synthesis of a…

A: After the proteins has been translated, it needs to be send to different areas in the cells to carry…

Q: Cancers are often caused by overactive growth factor receptor signaling (remember growth factor…

A: Cancer is a disease which is caused by the uncontrolled growth of the cells, without regulation of…

Q: When bacteria are grown in the presence of high concentrations of tryptophan: O A. A repressor is…

A: Tryptophan is defined as an alpha-amino acid utilized in the biosynthesis of proteins and cannot be…

Q: a. the receptor/s b. the energy source if there is signal peptide cleavage or none C. Endoplasmic…

A: Endoplasmic Reticulum It is a large, dynamic organelle that is involved in different functions such…

Q: What is the signal recognition particle composed of?

A: The signal recognition particle is an abundant, cytosolic, universally conserved ribonucleoprotein…

Q: Which of the following would most likely mimic Rb loss? Rb mutant where the phosphosites are mutated…

A: Rb is a tumor suppressor gene. Loss of function mutation in Rb gene leads to the retinoblastoma and…

Q: If some cell-surface receptors, including Notch, can rapidly signal to the nucleus by activating…

A: The biological cells are a hub of metabolic activities. These cells interact among themselves to…

Q: Match the following proteins to their functions ✓ Cathepsins ✓ Calpains ✓ Granzyme B ✓ Apoptosis…

A: Introduction A rectilinear chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds constitutes a protein.…

Q: Enumerate SRP binding molecules and indicate the function elicited by each binding AND Explain the…

A: Signal sequence  - slowing of protein synthesis ( elongation arrest ) :…

Q: Which of the following elements may be in the transduction part of cell signaling? Select one: a.…

A: Ans: Signal transduction: The process of transporting signal from cells exterior to the internal is…

Q: Which of the following is NOT in common between GPCRS and RTKS? Both receptors are activated upon…

A: In the cell plasma membrane, several receptors are present, which help to transfer the extracellular…

Q: Although signal transduction pathways are modeled mostly by ----------, there are some underlying…

A: Cell signaling pathways collaborate with each other to frame networks in mammalian frameworks. Such…

Q: Briefly describe the following properties of the Ras GTPases: a) Size, structure and cellular…

A: a) Mature ras protein are located on the inner side of the plasma membrane, and their biochemical…

Q: which condition a trimeric G protein is activated by a cell-surface receptor, a. the a subunit…

A: The answer to this question is given below,

Q: Protein activity is controlled by multiple mechanisms in the cell. Briefly describe how this type of…

A: Biomolecules are organic macromolecules that play an important role in the proper functioning of the…

Q: What is a signal sequence, and what is it recognized by? In what cellular process do signal…

A: Signal peptide The N-terminus among most newly produced proteins that are headed for the secretory…

Q: Please explain in detail why is BCL-2 a suppressor of apoptosis

A: Bcl-2: a. It is the first apoptotic gene to be cloned and isolated from human follicular lymphomas.…

Q: A certain nonsense suppressor corrects a nongrowingmutant to a state that is near, but not exactly,…

A: A nonsense suppressor mutation can influence the effects of nonsense mutations. It is usually a…

Q: What is the importance of the arrangement of positive charges relative to the membrane orientation…

A: The peptide sequence that is essential for protein insertion, orientation in membrane and for…

Q: Which answer correctly shows a signal transduction pathway? GPCR -> Active Gq -> Active…

A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

Q: With regard to regulatory proteins and small effector molecules, explain the meaning of negative…

A: Regulatory proteins are those proteins that regulate the process of the lac operon and are present…

Q: Referring to Figure 18.5, predict what would happen if the SRPRNA was unable to stimulate the GTPase…

A: Its primary objective is to locate SRP units. SRP (signal recognition particle) is a molecule that…

Q: Some signal molecules can bind to extracellular proteins that directly bind DNA and regulate gene…

A: The answer for the above question is true Some signal molecules can bind to the extracellular…

Q: Explain how adenyl cyclase enzymes function in signal transduction pathways.

A: We’ll answer the first question since the exact one wasn’t specified. Please submit a new question…

Q: c) The signal recognition particle (SRP) plays an important role in bringing proteins to the ER.…

A: (a) Protein A is the transmembrane protein. Transmembrane proteins are the proteins which are…

Q: What would happen if the intracellular domain of a cellsurface receptor was switched with the domain…

A: Chemical signals are released by signalling cells in the form of small, usually volatile or soluble…

Q: Explain the importance of the termination of cell signaling, and ways this can be accomplished

A: Cell signaling is a complex process by which cells communicate with each other to coordinate their…

Q: Of the steps listed below, which problem would take you the longest to realize you had a problem in…

A: Receptor tyrosine kinases are abbreviated as RTKs.They constitute one class of transmembrane…

Q: Which of the following are characteristics of “small” monomeric Ras GTPases?     A. Membrane…

A: Answer : The correct option is C because, RAS protein  RAS proteins are small group of GTPase which…

Q: What are the two families of small GTP-binding proteins that are involved in determining the final…

A: Small GTP-binding proteins, often known as G proteins, are found in eukaryotes and are organized as…

Q: Match the protein on the left with the signal sequence(s) on the right that it needs to be able to…

A: The biological process by which proteins are delivered to their appropriate locations inside or…

Q: Describe how the GPCR and MAPK pathways 'cross-talk' or interact with each other. Give support for…

A: G protein-coupled receptors are a type of receptor. Receptors are chemical structure made up of…

Q: Provide the two most important reasons that iPS cells were generated.

A: Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were generated for two main reasons: 1. Ethical…

Q: Explain Covalent Modulation?

A: Molecules present in living cells are called biomolecules. Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and…

Q: Complete the sentences about cell signaling using the words and phrases. (Not all words and phrases…

A: The process by which cells interact with other cells in their body or with the outside environment…

Q: fill in the blank A small amount of ligand can generate a large response. This is called signal…

A: The objective of the question is to identify the ion that can bring about signal amplification in…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.