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MAKE CONNECTIONS Why is a cell-surface receptor protein not
required for this steroid hormone to enter the cell? (See Concept 7.2.)
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- MAKE CONNECTIONSPDGF signals cells by binding toa cell-surface receptor tyrosinekinase. If you added a chemicalthat blocked phosphorylation,how would the results differ?(See Figure 11.8.)← HW Cell signaling Chapt 15 8 of 20 View Policies Current Attempt in Progress What is the relationship between the formation of IP 3 and the elevation of intracellular [Ca²+]? -/1 Binding of IP 3 to the membrane causes releases of calcium. Binding of IP3 to the smooth ER causes releases of calcium. Binding of IP3 to its receptor in bone tissues triggers release of calcium. None of these is the correct answer. eTextbook and Media Save for Later Attempts: 0 of 2 used Submit Answer …..Cell Communications Explain the role of the trans-membrane and the intracellular protein receptors in cell signaling (provide an example of each).
- Item21 Item 21 Neurons have a _______ membrane potential of –70mV. In other words, this is their stable membrane potential under normal conditions. Fill in the blank Fill in the blank Item22 Item 22 When a skin wound is healing, cell contact on all sides is a strong stimulus for cell division. Group startsTrue or False Item23 Item 23 Which choice describes the activation steps of a G protein-coupled receptor properly (and in correct order)? Multiple Choice Ligand binds to receptor, G protein activated, effector protein activated, second messenger made available Ligand binds to receptor, second messenger activated, G protein turned on, protein kinase activated Protein kinase activated, ion channel opened, ions enter and activate second messenger, G protein turned on Ion channel opened, G protein activated, second messenger synthesized, phosphatase ends signalIon channel-coupled receptors • G-protein-coupled receptors • Enzyme-linked receptors • Briefly describe what a G-protein is (explain by using the words GTPase, GTP and GDT) • Briefly describe how a G-protein-coupled receptor for the signal / information further into • Briefly describe how an enzyme-linked receptor carries the signal / information further into the cell.MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling molecules released by an embryonic cell can induce changesin a neighboring cell without entering the cell. (SeeFigures 11.15 and 11.16.)
- Discuss Concepts Describe the possible ways in which a G-proteincoupled receptor pathway could become defective and not trigger any cellular responses.Visit this link (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/hormonebind) to watch an animation of the events that occur when a hormone binds to a cell membrane receptor. What is the secondary messenger made by adenylyl cyclase during the activation of liver cells by epinephrine?Pane Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of g protein coupled and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can. for a novel pathway. Superfamily Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs Accession Give the Uniprot accession number Name Give the molecule name Species Give the species Ligand What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor? Key What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine, physiological paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the pathology of the receptor? process involved What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which molecules does it…
- Explain how an indirect neurotransmitter receptor mechanism (like A-G linked receptor) conduct cell signaling?1. Which G protein activates Phospholipase C (PLC)? 2. What phospholipid does PLC cleave to produce second messengers? 3. What are the properties of these 2 second messengers? 4. Which second messenger opens a ligand gated ion channel in the ER? 5. Which hydrophobic second messenger activates protein kinase C? 6. Which hydrophilic second messenger activates protein kinase C by increasing cytosolic Ca2+ levels which allows Ca2+ to bind to PKC? Kinases 2 Phosphatidylinositol (PI) PI 3-kinase PLC PI 4,5-bis-phosphate (PI-4,5-bisP) Plasma membrane cog Diacylglycerol (DAG) Inositol 1,4,5-tris-phosphate (IP3) Second messengers PI 3,4,5-tris-phosphate (PI-3,4,5-trisP) domains 000 Docking site for pleckstrin homology Cell membrane PIP 20 Phospholipase C cleavage IP 3 VIVAL ER membrane 00 Calcium ion iii DAG Calcium ion Figure 13.12 Biochemistry, Third Edition 2015 W.H. Freeman and Company Diacylglycerol (DAG) Protein kinase C IP 3 receptor MY 99 Cytoplasm. MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules thatactivate the vertebrate TLR signal transduction pathwaydiffer from the ligands in most other signaling pathways(see Concept 11.2)?
