Linoleie acid 2 NAD+2 FAD +2 CaSH 2 ounds of dation 2NADH + 2 FADH, +2 acetyl-Ca SCaA FAD agl-Ca dehydrepnae FADH, 2ASTrienoyl-Ca NAD CaASH I+acetylCa completion of Boidation round NADH + ation Problem Adble bend SCA 3ASTrienogl-Caa 35-24dienyCa one round ofoidation +he frst oidat the next round NAD + FAD+ CaASH SCA NADH + FADH, + aoetyl-CaA NADPH + H* Problem 2 aduble bend 24dienyCa reductase NADP NADPH+ H 24dienyCa 2 NADH + 2 FADH, +2 Aortyl Ca NADP 24di Ca reduta E col 2 NAD +2 FAD +2 CaA 2unds of Boidation 3enyCa merae mam Continuation of p idation

Below is an image of the Krebs cycle: acetyl-CoA oxaloacetate COASH H20 NADH NAD* H20 malate citrate fumarate isocitrate FADH2 NAD* CO2 FAD АТР NADH + ADP succinate GTP NAD+ a-ketoglutarate H20 GDP NADH + CO2 COASH succinyl CoA COASH Consider the conversion of succinate to fumarate, which is coupled with the production the electron carrier FADH2. If this reaction was NOT coupled with the production of FADH2 (and only catalyzed the conversion of succinate to fumarate), how would this impact ATP production through cell respiration? OATP production would stop because no high energy electron carriers would be produced ATP production would still occur, but there would be a much lower ATP yield because a large number of electron carriers are no longer being made ATP production would stop because without FADH2 we will no longer have electrons moving through the electron transport chain ATP production would still occur, but there would be a slightly lower ATP yield because a small number of…

The enzyme pyruvate carboxylase is discovered in a bacterium that was thought not to contain it; in this case study, you’ll see how researchers study and characterize the enzyme, and, ultimately, show how it fits into a metabolic pathway. Following purification of the PYC enzyme by avidin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, the investigators carried out several experiments to characterize the enzyme. First, they ran samples of the enzyme on denaturing and non-denaturing gels; the results are shown in the figure to the right. In addition, they ran the protein through a calibrated gel filtration column, the results of which indicated that the PYC enzyme had a molecular weight of 540 kiloDaltons. In the figure, the rightmost column are where molecular weight standards of various sizes would occur if they’d been on the gels. The catalytic properties of the PYC enzyme were assessed following purification. The activity of the enzyme was assayed in the presence of ATP, pyruvate, bicarbonate…

This is a picture of the catalysis of alcohol by ADH with an inhibitor binding as an aldehyde analog. I have two questions. First, what would the enzyme be classified as and why? Also, what would the steps of this mechanism be?