In the video, Cancer Warrior, all of the following experimental models were used EXCEPT: a. Chick embryo b. Bone marrow metastasis model c.Mouse tumors and lung metastases d.Rabbit cornea model
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In the video, Cancer Warrior, all of the following experimental models were used EXCEPT:
a. Chick embryo
b. Bone marrow metastasis model
c.Mouse tumors and lung metastases
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- Looking at Figure 1, what did Romansik et al. (2007) find regarding the relationship between the mitotic index and tumor grades. Explain their findings in your own words. Use specific details from Figure 1. The research paper is here: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1354/vp.44-3-335Imagine you have used cBioportal and breast cancer patient datasets and identified a cancer-associated mutation in a particular protein. What would you do next to understand whether that mutation contributes to tumor progression (include experimental approach)?Which of the following steps are correct about multistep tumorigenesis (select all that apply)? A. Mutations in progenitor cells are more likely to develop a neoplastic state compared to mutations in stem cells B. Driver mutations give a cell clone a proliferative advanage C. The rate of mutation /genetic change is constant during tumor progression D. Nutrition/diet may effect rate of tumorigenesis E. All cells within a tumor are biologically equivalent and equally capable of high levels proliferation
- Which of the following statements are correct about tumor cell masses (select all that apply)? A. Stromal cells of tumor masses are generally just contaminants and play no role in tumor progression B. Most stromal cells are of mesenchymal origin C. Fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes are commonly found in the stroma of tumor masses D. In Hodgkin's Lymphoma, the majority of cells in the tumor mass are neoplastic E. In carcinomas, neoplastic and stromal cells are present at similar numbersWhich of the following factors contributes to angiogenesis as a result of a tumor growth? Select all that apply: a. Increasing tumor's access to oxygen and nutrients b. Increasing tumor's ability for growth, invasion, and metastasis c. Increasing expression of proto-oncogenes for cancer cells d. Increasing expression of tumor-suppressor genes for cancer cellsWhich of the following statements are true about the rate of mutation in tumor cells (select all that apply)? A. Mutation rate of tumor cells is reduced compared to normal cells of the same tissue type B. Mutation rate of tumor cells is unchanged compared to normal cells of the same tissue type C. Mutation rate in tumor cells is higher compared to normal cells of the same tissue type D. Affected by genome instability within the tumor cells
- Discussion: (1 or 2 paragraphs with your own opinion like how Circulating Tumor DNA as Biomarkers for Cancer Detection technology can be early detector of cancer)With regard to cancer cells, which of the following are true? A. Cancer cells are clonal, meaning that they are derived from many different cells that all underwent the same clonal mutation. Cells usually accumulate many mutations over time, and this results in cancerous growth. B. Almost all cancers are caused by oncogenic viruses. no Benign tumors are dangerous because they can easily invade surrounding tissue and spread to other locations in the body. DE. Cancer cells are unable to control their division.Which of the following statements are correct about tumors and metastasis (select all that apply)? A. The majority of cancer deaths are due to primary tumor B. Loss of basement membrane by tumor mass is strong predictor of metastasis potential C. The tissue stroma contributes to whether a tumor cell will metastasize D. The majority of life threatening tumors occur in epithelial tissues E. The tendency of a primary tumor to metastasize is similar across different tissue types
- Which of the following must scientists understand in order to create effective cancer treatments? Select all that apply. a why cancer is difficult to treat b where cancer originated c how cancer cells multiply d how cancer cells growWhich of the following statements are correct about cancer drug resistance (select all that apply)? A. It is inevitable that a tumor will eventually become resistant to a given cancer drug B. Solid tumors often develop drugs resistance through upregulating expression of drug transporters. C. If the probability of develop resistance to drug A is 1/10 and for Drug B is also 1/10, then the probility of developing resistance to Drug A and B combination therapy is 1/20. D. Effective multidrug protocols use 3 drugs that all target the same mechanisms of killing cancer cell E. Drug resistance ofter develops when p53 is inactivatedDifferent gene therapy approaches have been studied for cancer gene therapy. These approaches include? (select all that applies) a.immunotherapy, b. anti-angiogenic gene therapy, c.inhibition of tumor invasion, d.induction of apoptosis