If all members of a transposable element family can besilenced by dsRNA synthesized from a single familymember, how is it possible for one element family (likeTc1) to have 32 copies in the C. elegans genome whileanother family (Tc2) has fewer than 5 copies?

Q: The tac promoter, an artificial promoter made from portions of the frp and lacUV5 promoters, has…

A: The lac operon is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E.coli and many…

Q: closely linked open reading frames (ORFs) have been identified on the E. coli chromosome and they…

A: E.coli being a prokaryote consists of an operon which is the cluster of genes that helps in the…

Q: What sequence elements are found within the core promoter of protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes?…

A: Gene expression is a process by which the genes are turned on to form RNA and proteins.…

Q: Debes et al recently described how aging in humans, mice, nematodes, and other eukaryotes is…

A: Mediator Proteins:Prediction: Overexpression of Mediator proteins would likely reduce…

Q: 1. a)What would happen if the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase responsible for charging alanine tRNAs also…

A: The polymerization of amino acids according to the codons on mRNA to form proteins is known as…

Q: M13 is a filamentous phage that infects the bacterium Escherichia coli. Infection with M13 is not…

A: A vector is a living organism that transmits an infectious agent from an infected animal to another…

Q: Why are restriction endonucleases considered a bacteria’s “innate immune system”? Why is…

A: Restriction endonucleases, also known as restriction enzymes, are enzymes that are found in bacteria…

Q: lin-28 is a gene that is critical for stem cell integrity in mammals and is involved in…

A: Gene silencing can be performed by use of RNA. Specially the siRNA and miRNA are used in gene…

Q: The best vector to use determine receptor binding protein expression would have been one with a GFP…

A: a) GFP is a green flourescent protein whose flourescence can be observed under microscope so, a…

Q: A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a bacterial chromosome. The gene contains a complete…

A: The eukaryotic DNA is composed of coding and non-coding sequences, almost 90% are non-coding…

Q: A graduate student studying yfgA expression in the liver and heart performs an RNA-seq experiment.…

A: In order for a gene to produce functional gene products, such as proteins or non-coding RNA, and…

Q: Explain the function of 16S rRNA during initiation of translation in prokaryotes.

A: 16S rRNA(16S ribosomal RNA) is a component of prokaryotic ribosome 30S subunit (small subunit). S…

Q: Suppose you had a bacteriophage λ in which the gene encoding the cro protein had been mutated, so…

A: The mutation alters allele frequencies by constantly introducing new alleles, which can be…

Q: Describe and explain the 3-D structural change to the protein (uniprotkb-p39086/gene regulator 5)…

A: Answer-- 3-D structure of proteins is the level of protein structure at which an entire polypeptide…

Q: b) A haploid E. coli strain cultured in a lactose containing medium failed to transcribe the genes…

A: An operon is a gene expression and regulation unit of the bacteria that consists of the following…

Q: Before the technology existed to synthesize RNAmolecules of defined sequence like those in Fig.…

A: Hello there! As you have posted multiple questions, we are answering only the first three subpart…

Q: How can the bacteriophage T7 promoter be used to controlexpression of a eukaryotic gene in…

A: Expression vectors are designed to control the expression of particular cloned genes. The native…

Q: A certain ochre suppressor inserts glutamine in response to the ochre codon. What is the most likely…

A: In this scenario, where a suppressor mutation allows the insertion of glutamine instead of…

Q: Which of the following statements is true regarding the lys2-128d reporter?  Select all that apply.…

A: INTRODUCTION Lys2-128d is a reporter allele of the Spt- gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)…

Q: 1) How many promoters control the expression of these genes? 2) How many locations does RNA…

A: An operon is a unit of genetic regulation found in prokaryotic organisms like bacteria and archaea.…

Q: The lac operon consists of three structural genes, lacZ, lacY and lacA that are transcribed as a…

A: 1) Allolactose inhibits the repressor, allowing the RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter and…

Q: In the bacterium,Martian coli, it was discovered that the lac operon is positively regulated.…

A: Operon is a functional unit of DNA that consists of cluster of genes under control of promoter.…

Q: Why can it be said that transcription of thebacteriophage T7 genome requires two enzymes?

A: T7 bacteriophage is a small phage which consists of double stranded DNA with 40 kbp nucleotide. The…

Q: With several molecular biology techniques, researchers identified that the intertwined sequence…

A: Cell division is regulated by a network of genes and proteins through cell cycle checkpoints.…

Q: Why do trans-sRNAs often require a chaperone protein?

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: A lac operon containing one mutation was cloned into a plasmid, which was introduced by…

A: (a) The plasma i gene forms such a type of repressor that will not be able to bind the inducer.

Q: Outline the two ways that piRNAs and PIWI proteins inhibit transposable elements.

A: PIWI (P- element Induced Wimpy testis) are RNA (Ribonucleic acid) binding regulatory proteins. The…

Q: Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion    a) List three eukaryotic gene expression…

A: Gene expression is the manifestation of the effects of a gene by the production of the particular…

Q: a mutation in the gene encoding Dicer would most likely result in: A) a failure to break the H…

A: Dicer, also known as endoribonuclease Dicer or helicase with RNase motif, is an enzyme that in…

Q: You have created a null mutation of tRNA synthase for trp-tRNA (the synthase enzyme attaches the trp…

A: A null mutation is a mutation that completely removes a gene or part of a gene.In this case, the…

Q: Tryptophan (Trp) attenuation is an extra mechanism of regulation of trp operon when trp level is too…

A: Attenuation is a mechanism of control of the tryptophan (Trp) operon that occurs when the level of…

Q: The lactose operon in E. coli comprises two structural genes and three regulatory components.…

A: β-galactosidase activity Permease activity Genotypes Glycerol Lactose Glycerol Lactose A - + -…

Q: The bacteriophage genome consists of many genes encoding proteins that make up the head, collar,…

A: Bacteriophages are the group I viruses that have double-stranded DNA as their genome.

Q: The PIC is highly conserved among species, from yeast to humans. Why is the positioning of the first…

A: PIC stands for the pre-initiation complex. The core promoter region comprising of the initiator…

Q: s the PAM sequence required for Cas9-mediated cleavage of a single-stranded strand of DNA (when that…

A: The protospacer adjacent motif is a short DNA sequence that follows the DNA region targeted for…

Q: List three important properties of RNA polymerase from E. coli.

A: RNA polymerase from E.coli consists of 5 subunits- two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, one beta…

Q: Mutants of S. pyogenes Cas9 have been developed which recognize different PAM sequences, such as 5′…

A: A short DNA sequence, the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), is often accustomed to mark correct…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.