Mutants of S. pyogenes Cas9 have been developed which recognize different PAM sequences, such as 5′ 5-NGAN-3′3 . Why might these mutants be useful for genome editing studies?

Q: The tac promoter, an artificial promoter made from portions of the frp and lacUV5 promoters, has…

A: The lac operon is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E.coli and many…

Q: Explain one experimental strategy for determining the functional role of the mouse HoxD-3 gene.

A: HoxD-3 gene basically functions in the process of morphogenesis and belongs to the category of…

Q: n

A: A mechanism for regulating gene expression in bacteria is lactose induction. It includes turning on…

Q: 1. a)What would happen if the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase responsible for charging alanine tRNAs also…

A: The polymerization of amino acids according to the codons on mRNA to form proteins is known as…

Q: Why is the TAS2R38 gene also called the PTC gene

A: PTC is a chemical compound abbreviated as phenylthiocarbamide. It is also called phenylthiourea as…

Q: Why are restriction endonucleases considered a bacteria’s “innate immune system”? Why is…

A: Restriction endonucleases, also known as restriction enzymes, are enzymes that are found in bacteria…

Q: A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a bacterial chromosome. The gene contains a complete…

A: The eukaryotic DNA is composed of coding and non-coding sequences, almost 90% are non-coding…

Q: 3. The Lysine-rich (KKRPKPGG) octapeptide sequence has been shown to bind selectively to a class of…

A: Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide/amide bonds with release of the water…

Q: The b1 allele encodes a transcription factor that stimulates production of anthocyanin, a purple…

A: It is given that seven tandem repeats were deleted that are located 100,000 bp upstream of the b1…

Q: The Cas9 enzyme requires a short sequence called a PAM (Protospacer Adjacent Motif) for cleaving the…

A: A protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) is a 2–6 base pair DNA sequence tareted by Cas9 nuclease.

Q: Briefly describe the experiment that demonstrates that the transposition of the Ty1 element in yeast…

A: Ty1 is a retrotransposon which is transpose via RNA intermediate, and this type of element found in…

Q: After comparing the whole genome sequencing results from a candidate that you suspect has a mutation…

A: A missense mutation is a type of genetic mutation that results in the substitution of one nucleotide…

Q: How does homologous recombination with transfected disruption constructs can inactivate specific…

A: The plasmid does not contain the yeast origin of replication. The gene target constructed to…

Q: The bacteriophage genome consists primarily of genes encodingproteins that make up the head, collar…

A: The virus is microscopic and is even smaller than bacteria. They have their genetic material…

Q: There are several instances which challenge the “one gene, one polypeptide” hypothesis. Describe TWO…

A: 1. Alternative splicing is a process that allows for the synthesis of numerous protein isoforms from…

Q: How does the HAEIII enzyme discriminate between the C-G polymorphism in the  TAS2R38  gene?

A: HaeIII catalyst cuts at the A GG:CC which is found at nucleotides 143-146 of the TAS2R38 gene.   The…

Q: What is a technique for which  Drosophila melanogaster  that results in a white eye mutation can be…

A: A cDNA library is a collection of cloned cDNA (complementary DNA) fragments, which is used to…

Q: Describe how the association of DNMT1 with the UHRF1 and PCNA proteins ensures that it will be found…

A: To maintain cell phenotype throughout subsequent cell divisions, DNA methylation, which is catalysed…

Q: Which primers are specific for UCP1 gene that locates in human mitpchondria?

A: What are primers?  Primers are oligonucleotides chains consisting of 10 to 60 base pairs utilized by…

Q: What percentage of the DNA sites in yeast are accessible, assuming that the fraction of sites…

A: Yeasts are the microorganism that come under kingdom fungi. Yeast are usually single celled.

Q: What is the difference of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 (e.g. Pfizer and Moderna) vs the conventional…

A: Introduction  Vaccines are substances designed to mimic a specific infectious agent, such as a virus…

Q: Why is formation of the replicative form of fX174 necessary inorder to make phage-specific mRNA?

A: DNA is the genetic material in most of the organisms. It is mostly double-stranded but some viruses…

Q: You have isolated a series of mutants affecting regulation of the lac operon. All of these are…

A: The lac (lactose) operon works in the prokaryotic cells and regulates the metabolism of the lactose.…

Q: What is the role of ampicillin in these plates? (Hint: amp is considered a selectable marker but…

A: 1.An agar plate is a petridish that contains agar as a solid growth medium plus nutrients ,used to…

Q: You design a guide RNA to target your gene of interest, which you will express attached to a…

A: CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 is a genome-editing tool. It…

Q: E. coli strain BW25113 can grow on (D) Arg as the sole carbon source. A scientist  working with you…

A: Obtain the genomic  from the mice cells that encode for the protease of interest.Fragment the…

Q: Suppose you cultured yeast, that you had transformed with pMZ379 plus the AVT5 sgRNA, on a plate of…

A: Cas9 is a kind of enzyme. That functions as a pair of'molecular scissors,' allowing portions of DNA…

Q: What would be the phenotype of an E. coli strain in which the tandem tryptophan codons in the leader…

A: The set of genes controlled by a single promoter or regulatory sequence associated with that…

Q: The locations of the TATA box in two species of yeast, Saccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces…

A: The process of transformation of information from the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into the molecule…

Q: Prior to the publication of the article from which this assay comes from (picture), the Cas9…

A: In the graphical representation of SDS-PAGE analysis, separate bands corresponding to various Cas9…

Q: Briefly explain why CpG islands might have come to be underrepresented in eukaryotic genomes.

A: CpG islands are the sites of methylation on DNA. Methylation of DNA occurs to silence some genes of…

Q: i) Suppose we want to insert the GFP sequence after the promoter of a gene X to create a fusion…

A: The CRISPR Cas9 system is a tool for cutting a DNA at a particular location. This system has 2…

Q: yeast cells, telomerase remains active and maintains telomeres of about 300 base pairs. Propose what…

A: The end areas of chromosomes are called telomeres , are repetitive sequence that protect gene from…

Q: A graduate student studying the pathogenic bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii made cDNA from…

A: Biotechnology is the use of our understanding of biological processes to develop useful applications…

Q: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene ARG8encodes an enzyme that catalyzes a key step in…

A: Gene refers to the specific segment of DNA in a discrete region of the chromosome. It encodes a…

Q: You receive purified mRNA encoding the peak protein of SARS Cov-2 as well as the plasmid pET32 (a…

A: DNA cloning with plasmid vector involves the addition of a foreign gene into a plasmid vector. The…

Q: Knock out mice that are mutant for a gene product X die. Variants of the X gene that were…

A: The physical crossing over during meiosis of parental heterozygous homologous chromosomes or genes…

Q: Why is it adaptive for a bacterium to not express the genes that encode for that lactose utilization…

A: Lac operon or the lactose operon is a component system containing genres that are important for the…

Q: What is meant by the term site-specific recombination as used in identifying the processes that lead…

A: Phages cannot reproduce on their own as they use their biological machinery in the host cell for…

Genome annotation

The technique of linking biological information to genome sequences is termed genome annotation. Gene annotation is the method of identifying gene locations and coding sections. It helps us understand what these genes are doing in the body through establishing structural characteristics and linking them to the actions of various proteins.