How many different allele combinations can be produced from two parents that are heterozygous for a polygenic trait controlled by three different genes with two allele pairs? Explain
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How many different allele combinations can be produced from two parents that are heterozygous for a polygenic trait controlled by three different genes with two allele pairs? Explain.
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- Hemophilia and color blindness are both recessive conditions caused by genes on the X chromosome. To calculate the recombination frequency between the two genes, you draw a large number of pedigrees that include grandfathers with both hemophilia and color blindness, their daughters (who presumably have one chromosome with two normal alleles and one chromosome with two mutant alleles), and the daughters sons. Analyzing all the pedigrees together shows that 25 grandsons have both color blindness and hemophilia, 24 have neither of the traits, 1 has color blindness only, and 1 has hemophilia only. How many centimorgans (map units) separate the hemophilia locus from the locus for color blindness?Sunflowers with flowers 10 cm in diameter are crossed with a plant that has 20-cm flowers. The F1 plants have flowers 15 cm in diameter. In the F2 generation, 4 flowers are 10 cm in diameter and 4 are 20 cm in diameter. Between these are 5 phenotypic classes with diameters intermediate to those at the extremes. a. Assuming that the alleles that contribute to flower diameter act additively, how many genes control flower size in this strain of sunflowers? b. How much does each additive allele contribute to flower diameter? c. What size flower makes up the largest phenotypic class?The amount of enzyme activity in a cell that is homozygous for a mutant allele is 20 units. The amount of enzyme activity in a cell homozygous for the WT allele is 10 units. It is known that 14 units of enzyme activity is required to show the trait. What is the dominance relationship between the WT and mutant allele for the phenotype of amount of enzyme per cell? A) The WT allele is dominant. B) The mutant allele is dominant. C) The WT and mutant alleles are codominant. D) The WT and mutant alleles show incomplete dominance. E) It is impossible to determine from the information given.
- A cross like this (between two individuals heterozygous for two traits) is often referred to as a "two-point test cross". The expected ratio of phenotypes if the two traits are caused by unlinked genes displaying simple Mendelian dominant inheritance is 9:3:3:1. For this ratio, match each term of the ratio with the appropriate phenotype Wrinkled and green peas 1. 9 Round and yellow peas 2. 3 Round and green peas 3. 1 Wrinkled and yellow peas > >In a testcross, the parent that is homozygous recessive for the genes being studied is called the testcross parent. The parent that has the dominant phenotype of the genes being studied is called the non-testcross parent.Which of the following is NOT a reason that a testcross is a useful technique when studying the inheritance of a trait? Select one: a. The relative frequencies of the different phenotypes among the testcross progeny can be used to map linked genes. b. A testcross can determine if an individual with the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous. c. The gametes produced by the testcross parent are determined from the testcross progeny. d. Because the testcross parent can contribute only recessive alleles, the alleles contributed by the other parent will be expressed in the offspring of the testcross.Kernel color in wheat is controlled by 2 pairs of genes (AABB). Determine the color of the offspring with the following genotypes: (Note: 4 contributing alleles – red; 3 contributing alleles – medium red; 2 contributing alleles – intermediate red; 1 contributing allele – red; and 0 – white (AAbb x AaBb, AABb x Aabb, aaBb x Aabb, AABb x aabb, AABb x AaBb) Show the solution through punnett square. Refer to the problem above, a wheat plant producing medium red seed is crossed with another plant producing intermediate red seed. How many individuals will be?Show the solution through punnett square. Red Medium red Intermediate red Light red White
- Consider the following cross examining four gene in two parental line: Parent 1: A/a; B/B; D/d; E/e Parent 2: A/a; B/b; d/d; e/e Assuming independent assortment for the four genes, what fraction of progeny will be phenotypically identical to either parent 1 or parent 2? (Hint: first figure out the fraction of progeny that resembles parent 1 and parent 2 separately, then get the overall fraction.) 9/16 1/16 3/4 3/8 3/16Explain why most loss-of-function alleles (hypomorphic or amorphic) are recessive to wild-type alleles, but some are incompletely dominant or dominant.The shape of a pumpkin is determined by the action of two genes A and B. The recessive forms of these two alleles produces a flattened-shaped fruit, whereas the dominant forms of these two alleles produce the typical pumpkin with ridges. When both alleles are heterozygous a disc-shaped pumpkin is produced. If the genotype of the pumpkin plant is homozygous dominant at one allele and heterozygous at the other, the pumpkin will be ball-shaped. If the pumpkin plant is homozygous recessive at one allele and heterozygous at the other allele it produces an oblong-shaped fruit. Plants with genotypes other than the ones listed in this question do not produce pumpkins. Do the following cross: two pumpkin plants capable of making disc-shaped pumpkins are crossed with each other. Based on this cross, answer the following: (Show your work below.) How many of the progeny will make ball-shaped pumpkins?__________________________________________ How many of the progeny will make disc-shaped…
- Kernel color in wheat is controlled by 2 pairs of genes (AABB). Determine the color of the offspring with the following genotypes: (Note: 4 contributing alleles – red; 3 contributing alleles – medium red; 2 contributing alleles – intermediate red; 1 contributing allele – red; and 0 – white (AAbb x AaBb, AABb x Aabb, aaBb x Aabb, AABb x aabb, AABb x AaBb) Refer to the problem above, a wheat plant producing medium red seed is crossed with another plant producing intermediate red seed. How many individuals will be? Red Medium red Intermediate red Light red WhiteThe dominance pattern of a gene can be determined from the phenotypes of the parents and offspring. In the examples below, assume that each parent is homozygous for the specific allele and that the progeny are heterozygous. Classify each example as either complete dominance, incomplete dominance, or codominance. Complete dominance Incomplete dominance Codominance Answer Bank A black sheep and a white sheep produce a gray lamb. A white cow and a red bull have a calf that is white with red spots (roan colored). A mother with type A blood and a father with type B blood have a daughter with type AB blood. A pea plant with all purple flowers and a pea plant with all white flowers produce a pea plant with all purple flowers. A moth with red wings and a moth with yellow wings produce a moth with orange wings.On the basis of Mendel’s observations (i.e. Mendelian patterns), predict the results from the following crosses with peas. Show the results in terms of genotypes, phenotypes, and their proportions in the offspring. The progeny of a tall (dominant and homozygous) variety crossed with a dwarf variety. The progeny of (a) self-fertilized. The progeny from (a) crossed with the original tall parent. The progeny of (a) crossed with the original dwarf parent.