Q: If there are three genes and you want to determine the distance between these genes, what are you…
A: Recombination frequency is used as a quantitative measure of the distance between two genes in a…
Q: Why does independent assortment promote genetic variation?
A: Independent assortment is a process that occurs during inheritance. Inheritance is the process of…
Q: How do geneticists know whether a particular trait is caused by the alleles of one gene or by two…
A: A gene is a stretch of nucleotides present in the DNA. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of…
Q: What are alleles?
A: Alleles determine the phenotype of an organism. A human is diploid, meaning that humans have two…
Q: How many molecules of DNA are in Mendels Sweet pea plants?
A: Gregor Johann Mendel was a scientist who conducted many experiments on the pea plant between 1856…
Q: Why is skin color, eye color, and height of humans under Non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance?
A: Mendel's studies mainly described those traits that have distinct alternate forms such as seed…
Q: What is meant by multiple allelic traits
A: Gene is the basic unit of genetic material DNA. Gene contains hereditary information and information…
Q: Define wild-type alleles (+)
A: Wild type allele is the phenotype of the organism that is the product of standard normal alleles.…
Q: How continuous variation could still be explained in a Mendelian fashion ?
A: Genetics is a part of science worried about the investigation of genes, genetic variation, and…
Q: What is a gene with only one common, wild-type allele?
A: The coding region of the gene is known as allele. Wild-type alleles are the original form of the…
Q: H from the father + H from the mother = HH. Using the Allele codebreaker, we see that HH codes for a
A: Allele It refers to the variant forms of gene. The alleles are present on the same genetic locus on…
Q: What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous alleles?
A: The homozygous and heterozygous genotype is essential for determining the characteristics whether it…
Q: What are Neomorphic alleles?
A: The neomorphic mutation is a type of mutation in which the altered gene product possesses a novel…
Q: Give an EXAMPLE of each genetic term to ell the difference of the terminologies A. Mendelian…
A: Genetics: It is the study of hereditary, variations and environmental effects on the genes. It is of…
Q: Why are some alleles dominant to other alleles?
A: In 1865, Gregor Mendel an Austrian scientist experimented on garden pea hybrids and published his…
Q: How does the the Alleles present affect the bloodtype? What is the relationship between Alleles and…
A: Bloodtype is a classification of blood on the basis of antigens present on red blood cells and…
Q: Why most of the genetic traits do NOT follow Mendel`s laws?
A: Most of the traits do not follow Mendel’s law because Mendel’s law describes the inheritance of…
Q: Why do you think Mendel's finding rejects the blending theory of inheritance?
A: Gregor Johann Mendel was the first person to carry out the study which lead to the formulation of…
Q: How are the alleles of a gene different from each other? What is its importance?
A: Alleles are different variants of the same gene that are genetically different . For example, a gene…
Q: What are genes with more than one common allele?
A: Genes are the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. They carry coded genetic information…
Q: Why did Mendel’s entire F1 generation look the same?
A: Mendel worked on garden pea and took seven contrasting characteristics to study the pattern of…
Q: What is the phenomenon of a single gene determining a number of distinct and seemingly unrelated…
A: Introduction: Gene is a segment of DNA that determines the phenotypic characteristics of the…
Q: Are sex-linked traits, sex-limited traits, and sex influence traits following Mendelian principles…
A: The DNA is the hereditary unit of an organism. The genes are composed of DNA which is passed on…
Q: Joan was born with six toes on each foot, a dominanttrait called polydactyly. Two of her five…
A: Mendel’s law of dominance states that out of a pair of contrasting characters, the one allele which…
Q: What are the causes of pedigree analysis?
A: Genetics is the branch of Biology dealing with the study of genes including their structure,…
Q: What are dominant-negative, or antimorphic, alleles?
A: The term allele indicates the alternative forms of the gene. Every individual obtains two forms…
Q: What are multiple alleles? Give an example?
A: An allele is the one of two or more varieties of the gene. The person will inherit two alleles for…
Q: overlapping genes?
A: The basic physical and functional unit of heredity is the gene. DNA is the material that makes up…
Q: The following statements describe Gregor Mendel, except one. Which of the following is it? A. He…
A: Gregor Johann Mendel, Augustinian monk, now called the "Father of Genetics. He was the first person…
Q: How are alleles of particular gene differ from each other?explain its significance?
A: The gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. It consists of a specific sequence…
Q: What are Antimorphic alleles?
A: Alleles are the variant forms of gene. Genes carry coded genetic information in the form of specific…
Q: Are Mendel’s principles of segregation and independent assortment even relevant today in the age of…
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: Why do you think deleterious dominant alleles are not very common?
A: Microevolution:- It is defined as changes in the frequency of a gene in a population, herbicide…
Q: Are sex-linked traits, sex-limited traits, and sex-influenced traits following Mendelian Principles…
A: Train is define as a specific character or feature of an organism and it is determined by the…
Q: What is a gene with more than 2 alleles?
A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals with the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation…
Q: What is the hypothesis that Mendel's laws are based on?
A: Mendelian inheritance is a biological inheritance which is based on the three principles proposed by…
Q: Which of the experiments Mendel performed led him to distinguish alleles as dominant or recessive
A: INTRODUCTION Plant height, pod form and colour,…
Q: What are Hypermorphic alleles?
A: Alleles are the variant forms of gene. Genes carry coded genetic information in the form of specific…
Q: How many genes an Apple and tomato have ?
A: The study of genomes' organization, functioning, development, sequencing, and alteration is the…
Q: What is meant by the term'breed'?
A: Animal husbandry is the branch of science of rearing, caring, feeding, breeding, improvement and…
Q: epigenetic deviate from Mendelian patterns?
A: Epigenetic epigenetics involves the study and explanation of how environmental factors affect the…
Q: Francis Galton, a geneticist of the pre-Mendelian era, devised the principle that half of our…
A: The study of genes and their functions is known as genetics. Genetics enables a person to comprehend…
Q: What is pedigree data?
A: Pedigree In pedigree, the chart female can be represented by a circle where a man can represent by…
Q: Are these alleles common or rare in humans?
A: Allele is a variant form of gene, humans can be diploid if they have 2 allele, with each allele…
Q: he term allele mean?
A: Gene can be defined as the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.
Q: What are allele-specific oligonucleotides,?
A: The blotting technique is the process of transferring the DNA, RNA or proteins present in the…
Why Geneticists Use a Variety of Symbols for Alleles ? What are those ?
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- Describe three different pedigree symbols and their uses. What are pedigrees used for in genetics?Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?
- Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. If Sarah carries the mutant cancer allele and Adam carries the mutant heart disease allele, what is the chance that they would have a child who is free of both diseases? Are these good odds?What genetic model of an organism is the most ideal? And why is it an ideal model in genetics?In the previous topic, you learned that Gregor Mendel used Pisum sativum to conceptualize the governing laws of Genetics. In this activity, we will recall how Gregor Mendel utilized the idea of classical breeding to come up with desirable traits. Supposed you have two individual peas. One of the peas is a pure breed with round green seeds while the other has heterozygous round yellow seeds. Supposed a farmer wants to have pure breed peas that have green wrinkled seeds. How are you going to come up with these traits using the two peas that you have? (Note: If the F1 does not include a pure breed green wrinkled seed, you will use the F1 peas for next generation breeding and so on until you have the desired traits. Pure breed means homozygous alleles.) Show the Punnett squares for the cross. You will come up with two or more squares based on how many generations you made.
- Are Mendel’s principles of segregation and independent assortment even relevant today in the age of genomics, when it is possible to sequence an organism’s entire genome and determine all of its genetic information? Why is it important to study these principles, and how can they be used?Another trait you are studying in monster genetics is fur texture. A mommy monster (P1) who is homozygous for spiky fur and a daddy monster (P1) who is homozygous for feathery fur have a litter of monsters (F1). All of the F1 monsters have feathery fur. Using the letter, F, for your alleles, determine the following: 1. What is the genotype of the mommy monster? 2. What is the genotype of the daddy monster? 3. What are the genotypes of all of the F1 generation? 4. If two of the F1 offspring are crossed, what is the phenotypic ratio of the result? (A ratio is written as: X:X) 5. What are the genotypes (and how many of each) that result from the cross described in question 4 above?A woman with fair skin, blond hair, and blue eyes gives birth to fraternal twins; the father has dark brown skin, dark hair, and brown eyes. One twin has blond hair, brown eyes, and light skin, and the other has dark hair, brown eyes, and dark skin. What Mendelian law does this real-life case illustrate and explain what this means in terms of the inherited alleles for these genes?
- Often geneticists want to change one allele in an outcrossing organism while keeping the rest of the genome the same. For example, they might wish to take a specially designed stock of flies and alter the eye color from red to white. Suppose that the white-eye allele is dominant, meaning that flies with one or two white-eye alleles will have white eyes. One procedure used is to take a white-eyed fly and cross it with the red-eyed stock. The whiteeyed offspring are then considered to be the first generation, and are crossed with the red-eyed stock. Their white-eyed offspring are considered to be the second generation, and are again crossed with the red-eyed stock, and so forth. The special red-eyed stock is homozygous for the desirable allele A at some other locus, but the white-eyed fly is homozygous for the inferior a allele at that locus. What fraction of flies will have the a allele (at the second locus) after one generation?Often geneticists want to change one allele in an outcrossing organism while keeping the rest of the genome the same. For example, they might wish to take a specially designed stock of flies and alter the eye color from red to white. Suppose that the white-eye allele is dominant, meaning that flies with one or two white-eye alleles will have white eyes. One procedure used is to take a white-eyed fly and cross it with the red-eyed stock. The whiteeyed offspring are then considered to be the first generation, and are crossed with the red-eyed stock. Their white-eyed offspring are considered to be the second generation, and are again crossed with the red-eyed stock, and so forth. The special red-eyed stock is homozygous for the desirable allele A at some other locus, but the white-eyed fly is homozygous for the inferior a allele at that locus. What is the genotype at the eye color locus in the second and subsequent generations?Often geneticists want to change one allele in an outcrossing organism while keeping the rest of the genome the same. For example, they might wish to take a specially designed stock of flies and alter the eye color from red to white. Suppose that the white-eye allele is dominant, meaning that flies with one or two white-eye alleles will have white eyes. One procedure used is to take a white-eyed fly and cross it with the red-eyed stock. The whiteeyed offspring are then considered to be the first generation, and are crossed with the red-eyed stock. Their white-eyed offspring are considered to be the second generation, and are again crossed with the red-eyed stock, and so forth. The special red-eyed stock is homozygous for the desirable allele A at some other locus, but the white-eyed fly is homozygous for the inferior a allele at that locus. What fraction of flies will have the a allele (at the second locus) after t generations?