Genes that encode proteins that promote apoptosis in response to cellular stress are referred to as: Question 6 options: Tumor suppressors Proto-oncogenes
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Question 6 options:
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Tumor suppressors
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Proto-oncogenes
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- Carcinogens generate mutations in: Question 17 options: anti-oncogenes and tumor activation genes proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes proto-oncogenes and tumor activation genes anti-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genesThe Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer. The HPV E6 and E7 proteins govern the cell via altering cellular proteins. The E6 protein interacts with the tumor suppressor protein p53 and directs its ubiquitin-mediated destruction. Can you elaborate about the P63 gene: its function and if it can be altered/mutated by HPV? If it does, what is the relationship between P53 and P63? Thank you!For the normal cell to become a cancer cell, mutations should take place in protooncogenes to become oncogenes as well as mutations in tumor supressor genes to be come mutated tumor supressor genes. Select one: True False
- Match each definition with the corresponding term concerning genes involved in tumor formation. Proto-oncogenes Oncogenes Tumor suppressor genes Haploinsufficiency Answer Bank a gene whose function drives uncontrolled cell division and tumorigenesis a gene regulating cell division that can be mutated into a tumorigenic form a gene that protects a cell from progressing toward cancer a condition in which a single copy of a gene fails to produce enough gene product for normal functionAnswer each question with a paragraph; 3-5 sentences each. Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene. Explain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division. Explain the difference between positive regulation of the cell cycle and negative regulation of the cell cycle. Explain the difference between normal p53 and mutated p53. Find two differences and two similarities between binary fission and mitosis.Why is it harder to develop a drug that targets a tumor suppressor gene compared to an oncogene (limit 3-4 sentences)?
- What would be the effect of a mutation that inactivates the p14ARF tumor suppressor upon p53 functions?The C-myc gene is a proto-oncogene which is highly expressed in breast tissue and appears to cause proliferation of breast tissue and its elevated expression is associated with breast cancer. Based just on the ChIP data from the previous questions (also shown below), which of the three drugs (estrogen, tamoxifen and raloxifene) would you recommend for treating breast cancer? Justify your response and explain the potential side effects of each drug.Determine if the gene on the left is a proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor. APC p53 Ras [Choose] [Choose] Tumor suppressor Proto-oncogene [Choose]
- There are three broad categories of cancer-related genes: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA stability/repair genes. Define each of these categories and indicate which one you think the RB1 gene belongs to and why.Discuss the complete cell cycle in a human cell, mitosis and meiosis, and the regulatory components (i.e. the proteins associated with cellular checkpoints) of the cell cycle. Tumor growth results when the cell cycle checkpoints are ignored. Give an example of how tumor growth could result from either a loss-of-function or a gain-of-function mutation.What is the difference in an oncogene and tumor suppressor gene and how can each potentially lead to cancer?