Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler"that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane"leaky" to protons. It was used until 1938 as a weight-loss drug. What effect would you expect DNP to haveon the change in pH across the inner mitochondrialmembrane? Why do you think this might be aneffective weight-loss drug?IntermembranespaceMitochondrialmatrixATP SynthaseADPInner mitochondrialmembraneATPFigure 7.11 ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses a proton (H) gradient to form ATP fromADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). (Credit: modification of work by Klaus Hoffmeier)

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Description: Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler"that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane"leaky" to protons. It was used until 1938 as a weight-loss drug. What effect would you expect DNP to haveon the change in pH across the inner mitochondrialm

DNP, or dinitrophenol, is an uncoupler. DNP allows for the separation of the flow of electrons and…

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Biology

Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler" that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter7: Cellular Respiration

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1VCQ: Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler" that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane...

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Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylation
Figure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What affect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis? Figure 4.15 (a) The electron transport chain is a set of molecules that supports a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. (b) ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses an H+ gradient to regenerate ATP from ADP. (c) Chemiosmosis relies on the potential energy provided by the H+ gradient across the membrane.
Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: The ATP generated by oxidative respiration is used throughout the cell. The majority of ATP production occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. How do you think ATP is made accessible to enzymes in the cytosol and other organelles?
Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: If the inner mitochondrial membrane were rendered as permeable as the outer membrane, how would that affect oxidative phosphorylation? Which specific processes would stop and which remain?
The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle can transport cytosolic NADH equivalents into the mitochondrial matrix (see Fig. 15.11c). In this shuttle, the protons and electrons are donated to FAD, which is reduced to FADH₂. These protons and electrons are subsequently donated to coenzyme Q in the electron transport chain. End of Chapter Problem 86a How much ATP is generated per mole of glucose when the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is used? (Tolerance is +/- 2%) ATP are generated per glucose.
In the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+ . Explain how this could cause weight loss and death.
The fatty acid side chains of the phospholipids in the inner mitochondrial membrane exhibit a large proportion of multiple unsaturations. As a result, will the membrane be hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Also will it be more fluid or more rigid? How do these characteristics help explain the observation that the inner membrane is impermeable to ions such as Mg2+ and Cl–? Hint: what moves these ions through the membrane?
Cytochrome c may associate with cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) in the inner mitochondrial membrane. What sort of intermolecular forces are likely to be involved in this association?
In the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. Chemical agents that cause this effect are called uncouplers. Explain how this could cause weight loss and also death. Considering the danger, is there any use for compounds like DNP or other uncouplers?
Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: Present two types of benefits derived from separating the reactions of glycolysis in the cytosol from those that occur during the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion.
A new weight loss drug, Super Fat Melter, is introduced on the market but then quickly recalled after a few patients die. As it turns out, the pill makes the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. What impact does this have on ATP production? Explain, with reference to the type of phosphorylation affected.
What important enzyme is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane other than those of the electron-transportchain? Explain how its function depends on the electrontransport chain.