express the osmotic pressure of 5 atm in units of dyne/cm 2

Q: Identify the characteristics of a countercurrent mechanism,and explain its role in concentrating the…

A: The characteristic of the countercurrent mechanism is that this mechanism serves to create a…

Q: There is a medical condition called Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH)…

A: Syndrome of excessive antidiuretic hormone secretion causes your body to retain water instead of…

Q: Define plasma osmolality and identify two ways in which plasma osmolality is maintained

A: Osmolality is defined as osmoles per kg of water. It measures the body's electrolyte–water balance.…

Q: Draw cell membrane showing Na- H exchange and give name of exchange?

A: The sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 [NHE1] is a ubiquitously expressed plasma membrane protein…

Q: Define ECM

A: A cell is the basic structural and functional key of life. A cell has multiple organelles that carry…

Q: Urine creatinine: 180 mg/dL . Plasma creatinine:   2.3 mg/dL  . Urine output: 1.6 mL/mi Creatinine…

A: Use the formula provided to calculate Creatinine Clearance (C):C = (Urine Creatinine × Urine Flow…

Q: Write the equation for the calculation of net filtration pressure (NFP), and explain the meaning of…

A: Calculation for Net filtration pressure: NFP = GBPH -[CHP+BCOP] NFP= Net Filtration pressure.  GBPH=…

Q: Describe the distribution of water and Na1 between theintracellular and extracellular fluids?

A: Intracellular fluid (ICF) is the fluid volume located in the cells and it accounts for the 2/3…

Q: Describe the characteristics of the two limbs of the loop of Henle with regard to their transport of…

A: The nephron is the kidney's main functional unit, and it comprises the renal corpuscle, proximal…

Q: Mention the difference between overhydration, dehydration, and imbalane of osmotic fluid. Atleast 2…

A: Introduction: In a day, the amount of water may increase or decrease in the body.  The body…

Q: By how much, and in which direction, will EK be altered by (a) halving and (b) multiplying by five…

A: Answer:  POTASSIUM Equilibrium potential = This is the movement of potassium ions across the…

Q: Compare and Contrast the Nernst’s equation to GHK equation.

A: The electrical potential difference across the cell membrane which exactly balances the…

Q: The renal blood flows into the kidney is 1200 L min-1 with a concentration of total solutes of 296…

A: In an adult human usually, 1 to 1.8 liter of urination occurs in 24 hours. The urine volume depends…

Q: Explain how the body detects changes in the osmolality of plasma and describe the regulatory…

A: Hypothalamus is the part of the brain which is located below the thalamus and above the pituitary…

Q: Briefly describe water potential. What are the factors affecting it?

A: Water potential is a measure of the potential energy in water as well as the difference between the…

Q: What would happen to plasma and urine osmolarity and urinevolume in a patient with a lung tumor that…

A: Osmolarity of body fluid is it measure of  its  solute/water ratio. The osmolality of serum, urine,…

Q: Briefly describe water potential. What are the factors affecting it?

A: In cellular processes such as diffusion, osmosis, and others, water potential quantifies the…

Q: The immediate effect of ADH on the renal tubules of frogs and mice is the same, yet when ADH is…

A: Excretion is the phenomenon in which metabolic wastes are released from the organism. Vertebrate…

Q: State 4 conditions each where ESR is elevated and decreases.

A: Erythrocytes sedimentation rate  (ESR)- It is the rate of which RBC start to settle down in the…

Q: Write the chemical equation for the carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system?

A: When a strong acid is introduced into a body, buffers take care of it. Buffers mainly act as…

Q: What substances are a H+ ion input?

A: H+ ions makes the solution acidic

Q: Holding your breath can increase the concentration of COz in the blood. What will be the effect of…

A: Introduction: The general equation for a buffer system is HA ⇔ H+ + A-, where A-  represents any…

Q: How long will it take a liter of NS to infuse at 75 ml/hour? You have hours in the problem, so let's…

A: "NS" commonly stands for "Normal Saline." Normal Saline is a solution of sterile water and sodium…

Q: Fluid volume excess

A: The important diagnostic symptoms of fluid volume excess involve weight gain as well as edema…

Q: When there is a high circulating ADH, what cells become impermeable to water?

A: Anti-diuretic hormone as various roles to play in kidney functioning, they have a significant…

Q: Mr Flint's lab work is back and his k level slightly decreased at 3.1mmol/l. The physician changes…

A: IV flow rate is an important criteria to be determined when an IV infusion is prescribed. The rate…

Q: Explain major extracellular buffer is the CO2/HCO3 2 system?

A: A buffer solution is any solution that contains a mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base or…

Q: How net filtration pressure (NFP) depends directly upon the algebraic sum of four variables?

A: The urinary system’s function is to filter blood, eliminate waste products and also to regulate…

Q: Give the formula for net filtration pressure.

A: Blood filtering mainly depends upon three main pressure in the glomerulus. One pressure allows…

Q: Certain diseases, kidney trauma, heavy metals, and some bacterial toxins can damage the filtration…

A: Filtration of blood is the primary step in urine formation in the nephron. It is carried out by a…

Q: Mannitol, a carbohydrate, is supplied as a 25% (w/v) solution. This hypertonic solution is given to…

A: Mannitol is a type of alcohol sugar formed from the monosaccharide carbohydrate, mannose. Mannitol…

Q: A increase  B decrease

A: The intake of water by adult goes into digestive tract and some water gets removed in the form of…

Q: If a P-20 micropipettor is set at “110,” what volume of water will this measure? How much should…

A: For the P-20 micropipette the maximum volume is 20μl. Thus a reading of 110 means it contains 11.0μl…

Q: What type of IV Fluid is D5/W and D5/0.45% Na C1? Is it Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic

A: When oral routes are affected, intravenous fluids are administered to maintain the electrolyte and…

Q: State the significance of Stoke's law in biological fluid flow

A: Stoke's law was defined by George Gabriel Stokes in 1851, which is basically an equation with the…

Q: Calculate the flow rate for a solution of 18 mg in 300 mL with a maintenance dose of 5 mcg/min.

A: 18 mg in 300 mL maintenance dose to be given:- 5 mcg/min Flow rate:- ?

Q: list three or more causes of imbalance of potassium electrolyte hyper conditions

A: The function of potassium is for muscle contractions, heart function and transmission of nerves. Few…

Q: Describe a fluid shift.

A: The fluid shift can be defined as the process in which fluid moves between the fluid compartments.…