express the osmotic pressure of 5 atm in units of dyne/cm 2

Based on this chart, which way will sodium be pumped? Typical ionic concentrations Squid Giant Axon Frog Sartorius Muscle Intracellular Na+ K+ CI- Extracellular Na+ K+ CI- sodium is a equilibrium into the cell out of the cell 50 397 40 437 20 556 sodium cannot cross the membrane 13 138 3 110 2.5 90 Human Red Blood Cell 19 136 78 155 5 112

What are major factors that determine blood osmolality? The osmolality of 0.9% NaCl is ___________. How is the osmolality different from the molarity?  Also, predict the effect of 1 L of 600 mOsm/L infusion of sucrose on patients RBC’s osmolality and volume, if previous osmolality of RBC’s was 250 mOsm/L, plasma volume – 3.6 L and RBC’s volume – 2.4 L.

What would be the impact on obligatory volume if humans had a medullary concentration gradient extending to 2000 mOsm/L?

Determine the type of acid-base imbalance and the corresponding compensation according to the following results from the arterial-blood-gas test.  Blood pH: 7.25PCO2: 35 mmHgBicarbonate concentration: 18 mmol/L (b) Give one possible medical condition that leads to the acid-base imbalance in (a).

Renal Calculations Urine Vol Excretion Clearance [Urine] (ml/min) mg/ml [Plasma] mg/ml GFR Filtered (L/day) Load Rate (ml/min) (mg/min) (mg/min) Na+ 1.5 125 1.65 3.08 K+ 1.5 125 1.95 0.195 CI- 1.5 125 2.65 3.5 Glu 1.5 125 0.9 w ww

Define sodium-potassium (Na+–K+) pump

During a 12 hour period, a person excretes 45 meq of net acid. How much net bicarbonate is added to the body fluids during that period?

Buffer systems can absorb hydrogen ions from the blood to increase pH into homeostatic range (pH: 7.35 to 7.45)During what condition would buffer systems do this?

19.  List the concentrations for interstitial and intracellular fluids of the following ions: Na ,K,Cl,Ca,HCO3, HPO4, and pH