Based on this chart, which way will sodium be pumped? Typical ionic concentrations Squid Giant Axon Frog Sartorius Muscle Intracellular Na+ K+ CI- Extracellular Na+ K+ CI- sodium is a equilibrium into the cell out of the cell 50 397 40 437 20 556 sodium cannot cross the membrane 13 138 3 110 2.5 90 Human Red Blood Cell 19 136 78 155 5 112

what would the membrane potential be if the membrane became 10X more permeable to both sodium and chloride

2% urea is therefore (select all that apply): hyperosmotic isotonic hypotonic hypertonic hypo-osmotic iso-osmotic

What effect does digitalis have on the Na and K gradients?  Why?

None

is this right

In the question above, from which cell would potassium efflux occur the slowest? Cell D Cell C Cell B Cell A

Which of the following best describes the changes between dilute (osmolarity 50mOsm/Kg) andconcentrated urine (osmolarity 1200mOsm/Kg)? a. Concentrated urine has more water than NaCl moleculesb. Concentrated urine has less water than NaCl moleculesc. Dilute urine has more NaCl than water moleculesd. Dilute urine has less water than NaCl molecules

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximise [Blank].   Question 20 options:   diffusion   osmosis   active transport   blood pressure

The statement that the majority of sodium is contained outside cells tells us that: A. The amount of sodium in extracellular compartment is more than the intracellular one OB. The osmolarity is higher outside cells than inside cells O C. The volume of ECF is more than the ICF D. All of the above