Explain how the body detects changes in the osmolality of plasma and describe the regulatory mechanisms by which a proper range of plasma osmolality is maintained.
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Explain how the body detects changes in the osmolality of plasma and describe the regulatory mechanisms by which a proper range of plasma osmolality is maintained.
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- Give one reason why it is important to maintain plasma osmolarity within a narrow range of values? Define the role of sodium ion in maintaining extracellular fluid volume.The osmolarity of plasma is maintained at about 300 mOsM. What would the osmolarity inside a red blood cell need to be to maintain osmotic equilibrium between the intracellular fluid and plasma? Give one specific reason why it is important to maintain plasma omolarity within a narrow range of values.
- What are major factors that determine blood osmolality? The osmolality of 0.9% NaCl is ___________. How is the osmolality different from the molarity? Also, predict the effect of 1 L of 600 mOsm/L infusion of sucrose on patients RBC’s osmolality and volume, if previous osmolality of RBC’s was 250 mOsm/L, plasma volume – 3.6 L and RBC’s volume – 2.4 L.Explain how a high concentration of sodium ions in theinterstitial fluid affects intracellular fluid levels.describe the mechanisms responsible for the medullary osmotic gradient
- 1. There is a medical condition called Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH) secretion, which can occur as a result of head trauma. Patients with this condition retain water and present with a volume imbalance. A) Name the type of volume imbalance and accompanying direction of changes in ICF and ECF volumes and osmolality. B) Calculate the changes in osmolality and volumes of extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments if 3 liters of water are retained by a patient with SIADH. You can assume that the patient’s initial volumes were ECF=14 L, ICF=28 L. And his initial body osmolality = 290 mOsM. Remember that the total solute in the ICF compartment is kept in place by the cell membrane barrier.The osmolarity of plasma is maintained at about 300 mOsM. What would the osmolarity inside a red blood cell need to be to maintain osmotic equilibrium between the intracellular fluid and plasma?Explain the Plasma osmolality ?
- Renin is secreted in response to hypovolemia or to an increase in the osmolality of the blood. Provide three possible mechanisms by which these conditions may stimulate rennin secretion. What are the consequences of increased rennin secretion that lead to increased aldosterone secretion? Present this sequence of events. Why are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) used as a common therapy for hypertension? How do they influence blood pressure? Are plasma levels of renin elevated or depressed in a patient with Conn’s disease? Why?A 5% dextrose is isoosmotic to plasma. What effect would infusion of 1L of a 5% dextrose solution have on ECF and ICF volumes? How it would affect body fluid osmolality of a 70 kg individual and why?Describe how the body adjusts the urine volume and concentration when plasma osmolarity is higher than normal.