exaplin the intracellular mehcanims of smooth msucle via agonist such as Hitamine and acytycholine.  link hisamine to muscarnic recptors  link acetycholine to a neurotransmittors  Give a diagram for each.

Neuromuscular Junction: -Activation of nicotinic ACh receptors in the motor end plate results in both Na+ influx into and K+ efflux from the muscle fiber - An action potential in a motor neuron always produces a graded depolarization in the motor endplate and an action potential in the sarcolemma. -Acetylcholine released from the motor presynaptic terminal binds to voltage-gated ACh receptors in the motor endplate. -all of the above -a and b are right

Describe the intracellular response to activation of α and β adrenergic receptors

Atropine normally contraction of stomach smooth muscle cells by cholinergic receptors on the smooth muscle. decreases, activating decreases, blocking increases, activating increases, blocking

Explain phenomenon of constitutive activity, and how inverse agonists produce their effect.

One tretment for myasthenia gravis is a medication that blocks the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Why is this a successful treatment?

Describe the biochemical signaling steps by which activation of the NMDA receptor causes the postsynaptic cell to fire larger EPSPs.

Describe and explain in detail the effects of glutamate when it binds to postsynaptic AMPA receptors vs the effect of it when it binds to NMDA receptors.

True or false. The different subunits that a muscatinic acetylcholine receptor is made of determines the properties of the receptor such as what ion it conducts. If false what is determines the properties ?

What are muscarinic antagonists? Explain the Pharmacodynamics