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Q: Describe the neural pathway involved in the patellar and achilles tendon reflex
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Q: Describe the function of acetylcholinesterase and discuss its physiological significance.
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Q: Which of the following structures has activity like acetylcholine?
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Q: What is the role of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme?
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Q: Contrast the two major types of descending motor pathways interms of structure and function?
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Q: Caffeine prolongs the life span of acetylcholine molecules in the motor junctions. Explain how this…
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Q: Motor innervation of the leg proper comes predominantly from the _____ plexus.
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Q: What is Acetylcholine (ACh)?
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Q: some pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzymethat breaks down acetylcholine. explain how…
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Q: A patient has been exposed to the organophosphate pesticide malathion,which inactivates…
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Q: What is the muscarininc acetylcholine receptor? Where is it expressed?
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Q: one treatment for myasthenia gravis is a medication that blocks the activity of acetylcholinesteras.…
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Q: Give an example of a drug that acts as an agonist for acetylcholine receptors and one that acts as…
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Q: Describe the effect of the botulinum toxin, which inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the…
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Q: What are Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors?
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Q: Make a schematic diagram for the synthesis, storage, release, and degradation of acetylcholine.
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Q: What is acetylcholinesterase? Describe its action.
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Q: What is the progression of the disease : MYASTHENIA GRAVIS? What are its clinical types?
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Q: Define the term acetylcholinesterase?
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Q: Acetylcholine that binds to a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor will stimulate cardiac muscles.
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Q: Define the term Acetylcholine?
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One tretment for myasthenia gravis is a medication that blocks the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Why is this a successful treatment?
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- one treatment for myasthenia gravis is a medication that blocks the activity of acetylcholinesteras. suggest why this might be a succesful treatmentOne treatment for myasthenia gravis is a medication that blocks the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Suggest why this might be a successful treatment.Why are direct acting cholinomimetics NOT used in the management of myasthenia gravis?
- A patient is thought to be suffering from either muscular dystrophyor myasthenia gravis. How would you distinguish between the twoconditions?When the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) binds the acetylcholine receptor (a GPCR) on muscle cells, it causes them to contract. ZIGGY, a chemical analog of ACh, also binds to the same acetylcholine receptor on muscle cells, but instead causes the muscle cells to relax. For this reason, it is sometimes prescribed as a muscle relaxer. Explain in 3-4 sentences how ZIGGY could cause muscle relaxation. How can both ZIGGY and ACh bind the same GPCR? And then how can they have different effects on the cells, despite binding to the same receptor on the same cells?A nerve conduction velocity test measures nerve conduction velocity. In this test, an electrical stimulus is applied to a peripheral nerve and the length of time it takes for the corresponding muscle to contract is measured. Because the length of the nerve from stimulus point to muscle and the time it takes for the muscle to contract are both known, NCV can be calculated. This test result is helpful in distinguishing between different types of pathologies. For example, a patient with muscle weakness is being tested by a physician. There are three possible sources of the weakness: Disease of the muscle itself such as muscular dystrophy. In this condition, normal muscle tissue is replaced by adipose tissue and the muscle becomes incapable of contraction. Disease at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) such as myasthenia gravis. This condition is described in the Skeletal Muscle Histology exercise and results from damage to the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle end plate. Disease…
- In the rare neuromuscular disorder Myasthenia Gravis, autoantibodies are produced which inhibit acetylcholine receptor (nicotinic receptor) activity. Explain how inhibition of acetylcholine receptor activity at the neuromuscular junction will affect the sequence of events in muscular excitation and contraction in response to stimuli, and muscle function? (Mention the effects on all the significant events involved in excitation and contraction of muscles, and how it would affect muscle function).Caffeine is known to alter transmembrane movement of calcium. What are two possible sites in the nerve and/or muscle that caffeine can act upon?Under anesthesia, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can be given in combination with blockade of muscarinic receptors. Explain the purpose of the two treatments.
- Why is it important to remove acetylcholine from its binding to acetylcholine receptors once the neural stimulus ends? What can be the possible consequence of the non-removal of acetylcholine to the skeletal muscle fiber?A _______________ is a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmis- sion of nerve stimuli to the muscles. neuromuscular blocker skeletal muscle relaxantA patient has been exposed to the organophosphate pesticide malathion,which inactivates acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following symptoms would you predict: blurring of vision, excess tear formation, frequent or involuntary urination, pallor (pale skin), muscle twitching, orcramps? Would atropine be an effective drug to treat the symptoms?(See Clinical Impact 16.2 for the action of atropine.) Explain.