Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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The figure below details a pathway in yeast involving kinases and a phosphatase and the regulation of a specific cyclin-cdk complex. CAK kinase controls the phosphorylation of Thr161. The phosphorylation of Tyr15 is controlled by Wee1 and Cdc25. In this problem, focus on the phosphorylation of Tyr15 by Wee1 and Cdc25.
1. If Wee1 kinase was inactive, what would happen to the cyclin-cdc2 complex?
Would the cells enter mitosis and divide more or less often?
Would the cells end up being smaller or larger than normal?
2. If Cdc25 phosphatase was inactive, what would happen to the cyclin-cdc2 complex?
Would the cells enter mitosis and divide more or less often?
Would the cells end up being smaller or larger than normal?
Transcribed Image Text:**Progression through the Fission Yeast Cell Cycle: Regulation by Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation**
**Figure 14.16:**
This figure outlines the regulation of the cdc2 kinase, essential for cell cycle progression in fission yeast, through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
(a) **Diagram Explanation:**
1. **Interphase (G1):**
- cdc2 kinase is initially inactive.
- Activity is controlled by phosphorylation at specific tyrosine (Tyr15) and threonine (Thr161) residues.
2. **Inactive State:**
- When phosphorylated at Tyr15 by Wee1, the kinase remains inactive despite being bound to cyclin.
3. **Activation during G2:**
- Transition to an active state occurs through dephosphorylation at Tyr15 by Cdc25 phosphatase.
- Cyclin binding and Thr161 phosphorylation by CAK (CDK-activating kinase) are essential steps.
4. **Mitosis:**
- The active complex is involved in promoting mitotic events.
- Cyclin is degraded after mitosis, leading to kinase inactivation.
(b) **Electron Micrograph:**
- The image depicts post-mitotic fission yeast cells, highlighting the interphase stage of cellular division.
This regulatory process highlights the critical role of phosphorylation cycles in cell cycle control, ensuring proper timing and fidelity of cell division in fission yeast.
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The cell cycle is highly regulated by different regulatory proteins that includes the cdc2 and cyclin protein. These two are very much important for progression through different cell cycle checkpoints. If anyone of this protein remained elective then the sale will be arrested at that particular checkpoint.
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