Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) is a molecule that can act as an allosteric activator of kinase enzymes inside of the cytoplasm. Describe how CAMP molecules affect kinase enzymes?

a) b) d) You, a Jojo's Bizzare Adventures fan, hear about the upcoming part 6 as an anime. You get very excited to the point where your heart just stops beating and you almost die. You are taken into the hospital and the doctor tells you that Ca2+ is not being released intracellularly, causing your heart to stop contracting. This may be due to which protein? Adenylyl Cyclase Intracellular Docking protein Protein Kinase A Phospholipase C

Histamine acts by binding to specialized membrane proteins called histamine H 1 receptors. These receptors, found in specific cells, are integral membrane proteins that possess seven transmembrane a-helical regions. The amino terminus of the protein is extracellular, while the C-terminus is cytoplasmic. The binding of histamine to the extracellular portion of the H 1 receptor prompts a conformational change in the intracellular C-terminus region of the protein. This conformational change triggers numerous intracellular signaling events that stimulate the immune response in cells containing the receptor. There are numerous anti-histamine drugs available commercially. Some of the most popular are shown here side by side with histamine: HCHS NH- Allegra H2N histamine Claritin Propose a reasonable mode of action by which these antihistamines exert their activity. Include relevant details about the system of your own choosing.

What happens if a kinase is overactive and phosporylates the protein too much?

Below is a diagram of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. Numbers 1-7 refer to different molecules involved in the pathway. In addition to the main pathway components depicted above, outline some of the mechanisms that allow Wnt signalling to be ‘fine-tuned’.

What would most likely occur to nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling if the intrinsic GTPase activity of RAN was slowed down by 50%?   Group of answer choices RAN would not bind exportin and proteins would accumulate in the nucleus All of the answers are likely None of the answers are likely Importin beta would not release from RAN in the cytoplasm and nuclear import would slow down RAN would not bind to importin beta and protein cargo in the nucleus would not release

The seed of the castor bean (Ricinus communis) contains large amounts of ricin, a deadly poison for animals, including humans. One of the two subunits of this toxin is a lectin that binds terminal N-acetylgalactosamine residues on glycoproteins on the surface of eukaryotic cells, allowing the other subunit to enter the cell and kill it by preventing proteins from being made. Select the possible antidotes that could prevent or reverse ricin-mediated entry of the toxin. a high concentration of N-acetylgalactosamine an oligosaccharide with the same structure as that recognized by ricin a compound that prevents synthesis of extracellular glycoproteins a compound that activates enzymes that break down glycogen into glucose an enzyme that degrades lipopolysaccharides

A study is conducted to assess the molecular mechanisms of hormone X. A radioactively labeled form of this hormone is incubated with human cells in tissue culture for 30 minutes, and then incubated briefly with a cross-linking agent. The plasma membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear fractions are isolated from the cell lysate, and the subcellular proteins are separated from these fractions by gel electrophoresis. The only protein bound to the labeled hormone is identified in the new clear fraction. Hormone X is most likely which of the following? Epinephrine Glucagon Growth hormone Insulin Thyroxine

What is the difference between a protein kinase and a secondmessenger? Can both operate in the same signal transduction pathway?

AAA is a protein found in both the cytosol as well as the nucleus. In this active state, it helps to facilitate the movement of proteins into and out of the nucleus. Specifically, AAA-alpha and AAA-beta binds to receptors on the nucleus and allows for materials to enter or exit through the channels associated with the receptors. They also play a role in dropping off cargo that import and export receptors hold onto. AAA functions are cotrolled by two other proteins: BBB and CCC. BBB binds onto AAA, while CCC removes BBB from AAA when they are bound. As a result, there is a BBB and CCC concentration gradient that forms between the cytososl and nucleus. During prophase I, is there a concentration gradient for BBB and CCC between the cytosol and the nucleus? Why? is this also the case during the other phases of meiosis or the cell cycle?