Enzyme Activity and Physiological Function, The Vmax of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase from skeletal muscle is much greater than the Vmax of the same enzyme from liver tissue. (a) What is the physiological function of glycogen phosphorylase in skeletal muscle?
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Enzyme Activity and Physiological Function, The Vmax of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase from skeletal muscle is much greater than the Vmax of the same enzyme from liver tissue. (a) What is the physiological function of glycogen phosphorylase in skeletal muscle?
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- Metabolic Differences between Muscle and Liver in a “Fight or Flight” Situation. During a “fight or flight” situation, the release of epinephrine promotes glycogen breakdown in the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. The end product of glycogen breakdown in the liver is glucose; the end product in skeletal muscle is pyruvate. (a) What is the reason for the different products of glycogen breakdown in the two tissues? (b) What is the advantage to an organism that must fight or flee of these specific glycogen breakdown routes?Metabolic regulation (Ch. 15) 1. The Vmax of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase from skeletal muscle is much greater than the Vmax of the same enzyme from liver tissue. (a) What is the physiological function of glycogen phosphorylase in skeletal muscle? In liver tissue? (b) Why does the Vmax of the muscle enzyme need to be larger than that of the liver enzyme?Additional information: ATP production by the ETC and ATP Synthase per glucose varies somewhat depending on the energy required to move NADH into the mitochondria and other energy uses for the hydrogen-ion gradient. Additional questions: 1.) How many ATP's are generally yielded by oxidative phosphorylation from the catabolism of one glucose? 2.) Summarize the total ATP's obtained from a single molecule of glucose, from start to finish? asap
- 44. Effects of clofibrate. High blood levels of triacylglycerides are associated with heart attacks and strokes. Clofibrate, a drug that increases the activity of peroxisomes, is sometimes used to treat patients with such a condition. What is the biochemical basis for this treatment? Please Demonstrate and explain.The Vmax of muscle glycogen phosphorylase is much larger than that of the liver enzyme. Discuss the functional signifi cance of this phenomenon.Arrange the balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the catabolism of glucose to two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (the preparatory phase of glycolysis). First step Last step Answer Bank Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate - dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP →→→→ fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP Glucose + ATP → glucose 6-phosphate + ADP Dihydroxyacetone phosphate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glucose 6-phosphate →→→→ fructose 6-phosphate
- ATP Accounting Upon digestion of starch, isomaltose (an isomer of maltose), one of its degradation products, is further hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components prior to intestinal absorption and entry into the glycolysis. Calculate the number of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 1 molecule of isomaltose considering the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. Answer the following items using numerical value only (e.g. 1, not "1 ATP") which will help you arrive at the final answer for this question. a. Total number of glucose molecules entering glycolysis: 1 b. Total number of pyruvate molecules produced at the end of glycolysis: 2 c. Total number of mitochondrial NADH produced after pyruvate is acted upon by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: d. Total number of CO2 released right after the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction: e. Total number of acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle: f. Total number of net cytosolic ATP molecules produced…ACTIVITY 10.10 Show the first cycle of beta-oxidation of stearic acid. How any ATPS will be generated from the complete oxidation of this fatty acid?Efficiency of ATP Production in Muscle: The transformation of glucose to lactate in myocytes releases only about 7% of the free energy released when glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O. Does this mean that anaerobic glycolysis in muscle is a wasteful use of glucose? Explain.
- True False Glucose oxidase can be used in determining glucose in the blood and urine Regardless of the distance between the enzyme and substrate, they will bind. Lipase is an enzyme primarily produced by the pancreas that breakdown peptide bonds between the oxygen molecules of glycerol and the hydroxyl molecules of fatty acids. Coenzymes are organic substances, while cofactors are inorganic. L-Amino-acid oxidase will catalyze reactions of D (-) - glycine. Redox reaction via oxidoreductase is still possible with one reactant only. The apoenzyme is the protein part of the enzyme, which is enzymatically inactive without cofactors. Lack of enzymes will lead to block in metabolic pathways causing inborn errors of metabolism Ligases are enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of chemical bonds. Ribozymes are catalytically active RNA molecules or RNA-protein complexesIntracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose- 6-phosphate, 1.0 mM; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 10 mM; AMP, 0.1 mM; ADP, 0.5 mM; ATP, 5 mM; and P, 10 mM. Is the phosphofructokinase reac- tion in muscle more or less exergonic than under standard conditions? By how much?Trend observed in graph and conclusion about the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. i) include a concise description of the trend observed in the graph shown in question 3 above, and explain this trend using the language presented in this unit and your biochemical knowledge of enzymes and reactions. In your conclusion, provide a logical argument supported by molecular theory that would explain any change observed in enzyme activity.