d)Halfway through the electrophoresis of your gel you realized that rather than using a buffer to make up your gel, you actually used distilled water. Do you think this mistake would alter the outcome of your gel electrophoresis? Explain. e) If you added your DNA to a well in a gel without first mixing it with gel loading solution, would this impact the final results? Explain. f) Only after the run you realize that you forgot to add ethidium bromide to the gel. What will happen to your sample? What could you do to the gel after the run?

What is an antigen?  What is an antibody? Why does each test include a control line? What specimen would be collected for an antigen test? Why is it important to not touch the tip of the swab?What specimen would be collected for an antibody test? How many lines for a positive antigen test?How many lines for a negative antigen test? What do three lines show in an antibody test?

Gel Electrophoresis is used in many different forms to learn about DNA, RNA or proteins. Research one laboratory method or technique that uses DNA electrophoresis in order to learn more or make determinations about DNA, RNA or Proteins.  Name of technique or method Brief description of what the electrophoresis results are used for in the method. Include a link to your resources Include an image of the results or technique you describe

Complete this Master Mix table for 8 DNA samples, a positive control, negative control, and an extra reaction for pipetting error. Show your work. Master Mix Conc. Of Total μL µL/Rxn (total per tube) Final Number of Stock Conc. Reactions needed for solution master mix PCR buffer 50X 1X Water DNTP mix 100 mM 200 µM MgCl2 Forward 24 mM 2.5 mM 2 μΜ 0.1 μΜ primer Reverse 2 μΜ 0.1 μΜ primer Taq polymerase DNA 5 U/uL 0.03 U/ µL 1 μL 60 μL Total volume of the entire reaction (µL)

Evaluate the gel provided below. Use the notes to help you read the gel: DNA is loaded in the wells (little pockets) at the top. The wells are the dark spaces under the numbers. DNA moves from the wells into the gel. The smaller the DNA the more quickly it moves. The samples on the ends are DNA ladders. We know the sizes of each of those bands and can use them to estimate the size of the DNA in the patient samples. 1 2 3 1: DNA ladder 2: Positive control 3: Patient 1 sample 4: Patient 2 sample 5: Patient 3 sample 6: Negative Control 7: DNA ladder 300 bp 100 bp 1. Why are positive and negative controls needed for PCR (or any test)? 2. Initially, test kits sent out by the CDC were flawed. The negative control sometimes showed up as positive. What misdiagnosis would potentially occur with this mistake? (Over or underdiagnosis?) 3. The CDC ultimately said to use the test anyway. Why might this be the case, given the current situation? 4. How would you evaluate the results above? Do any of…

Explain and evaluate the measures to protect patients and clinicians from radiation that are incorporated into the procedure for taking ordinary X-ray images. For this question you will need to look at: record keeping procedures • medical exposure control radiation safety infection control

Use the following cotransduction data to order the four genes. Markers % cotransduction ST 20 RT 10 SV 5 SR 30 VT 15 RV 0     VSTR     TSVR     VSRT     RSVT     RSTV

You have a 2.5 ng/uL DNA stock. What volume will give you 1.15 mg?

Which of the following gels is the preferred choice for separation of DNA fragments? Agarose Polyacrylamide SDS PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) Agar

What are some challenges that you foresee when implementing Precision Medicine (which includes Pharmacogenomics and Immunogenomics as well as Risk Screenings for certain cancers)?  This can include ethical, financial, social, legal, etc. challenges.  Please provide some examples when discussing your identified challenges.  How might you tackle these challenges you comment on above?  How might your solutions influence/impact the patient when utilizing Precision Medicine?