Determine whether each reaction represents a reduction or oxidation of the reactant or if its oxidation state remains unchanged.If there is a redox change in the reaction, balance it with the necessary amount of NAD+, NADH, H+, and H₂O. The objectiveis to recognize when a redox coenzyme is necessary in a metabolic reaction.(a)CH₂CH₂OHCH3-CHEthanolAcetaldehydeThe conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde representsConsequently, the complete balanced reaction isethanol + NAD+a reduction.no change in oxidation state.an oxidation.acetaldehyde + NADH + H+ethanol + NADH + H+→ acetaldehyde + NAD+ethanolacetaldehyde

Loss and Gain of Oxygen:Originally, oxidation referred to the addition of oxygen to a substance,…

Answered: Determine whether each reaction…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter18: Glycolysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 23P: Examine the ActiveModel for alcohol dehydrogenase and describe the structure and function of the...

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Because of the position of arsenic in the periodic table, arsenate (AsO43- ) is chemically similar to inorganic phosphate and is used by phosphaterequiring enzymes as an alternative substrate. Organic arsenates are quite unstable, however, and spontaneously hydrolyze. Arsenate is known to inhibit ATP production in glycolysis. Identify the target enzyme, and explain the mechanism of inhibition.
(i) During the Pyruvate Decarboxylase (PDC) catalysed reaction, a covalent coenzyme intermediate is formed. On the skeleton of the covalent coenzyme intermediate below draw the appropriate double bonds, charges, and electron pairs to illustrate the two resonance forms of this intermediate. Name each form in the boxes provided. HO S R' N -R HO S R' N -R
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Lactate can be converted into pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NAD+. Write the reaction in the standard biochemical format, using a curved arrow to show the involvement of NAD+.
The biosynthesis of vitamin D₂ is a two-step reaction, requiring two types of concerted pericyclic reactions. Draw in the arrows for each step and identify the structure of precalciferol. If an electrocyclic reaction is required, identify if it occurs through a conrotatory or disrotatory reaction. HO H H ergosterol hv precalciferol Cast HO ergocalciferol
Explain what an oxidation–reduction reaction is and why the breakdown ofglucose in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water is an example of an oxidation–reduction reaction.
To carefully prepared mitochondria were added succinate, oxidizedcytochrome c, ADP, orthophosphate, and sodium cyanide. Referring toFigure 14.16, answer the following.(a) List the sequence of electron carriers in this system.(b) Write a balanced equation for the overall reaction occurring in thissystem, showing oxidation of the initial electron donor, reduction of thefinal acceptor, and synthesis of ATP.(c) Calculate ΔG°' for the overall reaction. ΔG°' for ATP hydrolysis is-32.2 kJ/mol.(d) Why was cyanide added in this experiment?(e) What would the P/O ratio be if the same experiment were run with addition to the mitochondria of 2,4-dinitrophenol?
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Given the following reactions, identify the class and subclass of the enzyme involved
Using the symbols X-H2 and Y, draw a coupled oxidation-reduction reaction. Designate the molecule that is reduced and the one that is oxidized and state which one is the reducing agent and which is the oxidizing agent.
Consider the reaction: H O C—C—C—SCOA H₂C(CH₂)C= CO H H₂C-(CH₂) What kind of reaction is being performed here? b. What enzyme performs this reaction? OH H O O=C -C—C—C—SCOA H H c. What cofactors, if any, are required for this reaction?
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