Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and explain why they are stimulated at the same time as alpha motor neurons during voluntary muscle contractions.
Q: In your own words, describe the main events occurring between the arrivalof an action potential at a…
A: The chemical synapse that favors the transmission of the signal from the motor neurons to the muscle…
Q: Describe the difference between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron.
A: A neuron is the fundamental unit of the nervous system which consists of the brain, spinal cord, and…
Q: Define the term gamma motor neurons?
A: Answer: Introduction: Same as alpha motor neurons, gamma motor neuron cell bodies are present in the…
Q: Injury to the extrapyramidal motor system does not cause paralysis of voluntary movement and gene…
A: The system of basal ganglia, sometimes categorized by the less precise term extrapyramidal system,…
Q: Explain why a spinal cord injury in the neck completely paralyzes the skeletal muscles of the limbs,…
A: The brain and the spinal cord of the body controls many vital functions of the body. The brain and…
Q: What special characteristics of the presynaptic neuron (motor neuron) and motor end-plate…
A: The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the site for chemical interaction between the motor neuron and…
Q: In what ways does the neural control of smooth muscle activitydiffer from that of skeletal muscle?
A: Muscles are contractile tissues grouped and coordinated in function. Three groups of muscles present…
Q: Give short description to explain how motor coordination and balance are regulated.
A: A nervous system is defined as an organized group of cells called neurons that are specialized for…
Q: Describe the sequence of events by which an action potential in a motor neuron produces an action…
A: Tendons attach skeletal muscles to the bone. Numerous bundles which make up the skeletal muscle are…
Q: Describe the general anatomical design of a muscle spindle and discuss its physiological function.
A: Muscle spindles are a special type of sensory receptors (proprioceptors) present inside the muscle…
Q: Which role do gamma (γ) motor neurons play in the function of a muscle spindle? Select one: a.…
A: Gamma motor neurons work in muscle contraction and represent 30 percent of the group A nerve fibers…
Q: Define reflex and explain how reflexes differ from other motor actions.
A: An involuntary action:It is an action that takes place without the sensible choice of an organism.…
Q: List the inputs that can converge on the interneurons active in local motor control?
A: In the human nervous system, the local motor control tends to receive direct input from sensory…
Q: Motor effects that depend on repetitive output from a neural pool are most likely to use the _____…
A: The neuron is formed of dendrites and axon. The dendrites are projection-like structures that…
Q: Explain the function of γ motor neurons. How do γ motor neurons play their role?
A: A gamma nerve cell (γ motor neuron), additionally known as gamma motoneuron, could be a variety of…
Q: Caffeine prolongs the life span of acetylcholine molecules in the motor junctions. Explain how this…
A: Caffeine is naturally present in tea, coffee and it stimulates the the brain and central nervous…
Q: While initial control of skeletal muscles occurs with the motor cortex, a successful movement also…
A: The motor movements required coordination of central nervous system that controls the muscle…
Q: Explain reciprocal innervation of skeletal muscles.
A: The principle of reciprocal innervation—the contraction of one muscle or group of muscles with the…
Q: Describe motor control in terms of the conceptual motor control hierarchy. Use the following terms:…
A: The axon terminals of the many neurons junction on a motor neuron at intervals in the brain stem or…
Q: How is the information determined by the motor program?
A: Answer: Introduction: Motor Programme means a sequence of procedures ordered into the accurate…
Q: Match the component of the neuromuscular junction with the correct terminology. v somatic motor…
A: Neurons are the nerve cells in the human nervous system. The neurons can transmit nerve signals from…
Q: Describe the organization of autonomic motor neurons.
A: Autonomic motor neurons are otherwise known as visceral motor neurons. Autonomic motor neurons are…
Q: Explain why muscle tone is first decreased and then increased when descending motor tracts…
A: The fibre tracts that carry impulses from the brain to the skeletal muscles are called "motor or…
Q: Show the Comparison of Somatic Motor and Autonomic Motor Pathways ?
A: The nervous system is the system of the body that controls and coordinates all the activities of the…
Q: If a single twitch of a skeletal muscle fiber lasts 40 msec, what action potential stimulation…
A: In human physiology, skeletal muscle is defined as the vital organ of muscular system which is also…
Q: Predict the consequence if presynaptic action potentials in an axonrelease insufficient…
A: Acetylcholine is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals…
Q: 33. Acetylcholine (Ach) is the neurotransmitter at the neuro-muscular junction. The motor neuron…
A: Motor neurons unharness neurotransmitter (ACh), a small molecule neurochemical, that diffuses across…
Q: 41- Gamma motor neurons: a- Causes contraction of the equatorial region of an intrafusal fiber b-…
A: The mechanism of gamma motor neurons helps in regulating muscle length and tone.
Q: Describe the structure and function of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor tracts.
A: The pyramidal as well as extrapyramidal are the parts of the nervous system and are explained in the…
Q: Muscle contraction is not the only process controlled in temperature-regulating reflexes. True or…
A: Muscle contraction is considered as the process, in which tension develops in the site present in…
Q: Describe the activation of the β2 (beta2) adrenergic receptor, and briefly explain how this leads to…
A: Introduction :- Adrenergic receptors are cell surface receptors that become active when they contact…
Q: Explain the movement of ions into, out of, and within the muscle fber after Acetylcholine (ACh)…
A: The sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell that is surrounded by a basement membrane…
Q: Explain why the ratio of motor neurons to muscle fibers isgreater in muscles that control eye…
A: The muscle system is responsible for several functions such as maintaining body posture, locomotion,…
Q: Draw the entire pathway for skeletal muscle action from the spinal cord until the end of the…
A: Both neurons and skeletal muscle cells are electrically excitable, indicating that they are able to…
Q: ___________ crosses the synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber and is responsibile for…
A: Muscle Contraction It stimulates when an action potential moves along the nerves to the muscles. It…
Q: Lower motor neuron lesions cause all the following, except :-a- decreased number of transmitter…
A: Lesion basically refers to the damage. Lower motor neuron lesion as the term suggests is the lesion/…
Q: Why does Neostigmine cause an increase in the twitch tension when the nerve is stimulated and not…
A: Because neostigmine acts on nerve terminal increasing acetylcholine concentration by inhibiting…
Q: Explain why a person with myasthenia gravis might prefera soft diet. List several potential…
A: Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder. it effects voluntary muscles means muscles which are…
Q: Define a motor unit.
A: A muscle is made up of numerous muscle tissues bundled together and surrounded by a tough connective…
Q: What structures are involved in alterations of complex motor performance?
A: Motor functions: anything that happens when motor neurons are stimulated, includes glandular action,…
Q: Compare and contrast the direct and indirect motor pathways.
A: The motor pathway or corticospinal tract functions as route for conduction of upper motor neuronal…
Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and explain why they are stimulated at the same time as alpha motor neurons during voluntary muscle contractions.
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Solved in 2 steps
- List the 3 major classes of motor proteins:Define what the NMJ is and why it's important for muscle contraction. Explain in short the process of the NMJ signaling the muscle to contract. Note the difference between a motor unit and the NMJ.Both the withdrawal reflex and the Golgi tendon reflex involve sensory signals that ultimately control the same type ofmotor neurons and both are protective. Explain how one reflex can cause muscle contraction while the other causes musclerelaxation.
- Describe in details the biochemical and mechanochemical series of events that enables motor neurons to trigger muscle contraction, using the biceps brachii as an example.Identify the steps that show how an action potentialproduced in the motor end-plate of the neuromuscularjunction eventually results in contraction of the muscle fiber.Predict the consequence if presynaptic action potentials in an axonrelease insufficient acetylcholine to depolarize a skeletal muscle fiber tothreshold.
- Provide a possible physiological explanation for the differences between muscle fatigue and nerve fatigueDefine a motor unit. Of what physiological advantage is a small motor unit arrangement in skeletal muscle? Explain why a latent period is observed between the application of a stimulus and contraction of the stimulated muscle.Succinylcholine act as adepolarising agent that prevents repolarization of the somatic motor neuron. Thus, no further ACh is released until drug is cleared. Name another site within the MNJ we could target to prevent muscle contraction, and explain why this would work.
- Explain how optimal skeletal muscle force (high muscle tension) can be achieved during a high intensity exercise. (Mention and explain how wave summation, motor recruitment summation, muscle length, and type of muscle fibers activated can affect muscle force).Describe the sequence of events by which an action potential in a motor neuron produces an action potential in the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber?Explain in detail cholinergic/acetylcholine receptors and what role they plain in Smooth muscle contraction. Provide intraceullar mechanism.