It would be disastrous if a complement attack werenot confined to the surface of the pathogen that is the tar-get of the attack. Yet, the proteolytic cascade involved inthe attack liberates biologically active molecules at severalsteps: one that diffuses away and one that remains boundto the target surface. How does the complement reactionremain localized when active products leave the surface?

It would be disastrous if a complement attack werenot confined to the surface of the pathogen that is the tar-get of the attack. Yet, the proteolytic cascade involved inthe attack liberates biologically active molecules at severalsteps: one that diffuses away and one that remains boundto the target surface. How does the complement reactionremain localized when active products leave the surface?

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter17: The Immune System And Disease

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 19CTQ: If a series of genetic mutations prevented some, but not all, of the complement proteins from...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Macrophages perform the final job of removingtissue debris and other products of infection.Indicate some of the possible effects when thesescavengers cannot successfully complete thework of phagocytosis.
Adjuvants are substances that slow but do not stop the release of anantigen from an injection site into the blood. Suppose injection A isgiven without an adjuvant and injection B of the same amount ofantigen is given with an adjuvant that causes antigen to be releasedover a period of 2–3 weeks. Does injection A or injection B result inthe greater amount of antibody production? Explain.
If a series of genetic mutations prevented some, but not all, of the complement proteins from binding antibodies or pathogens, would the entire complement system be compromised?
Which of the following complement components are generated during the classical pathway and bind independently to the membrane surface promoting immune adherence and opsonizing effects? C3b O C3d O C1q O C2
Which of the following is not true about the complementsystem?(a) It is a set of more than 20 proteins that play a key rolein host defense by specifically acting in different waystoward different microorganisms.(b) Its general functions include enhancing phagocytosis byphagocytes, lysing microbes and enveloped viruses directly, and generating peptide fragments that regulateinflammation and immune responses.(c) It is a fast-acting innate host defense that works in a cascade.(d) There are three pathways classical, lectin, and alternative.(e) The effects of each activation pathways are the same.
A patient develops a blood infection with a capsule-producing strain of E. coli. Phagocytosis by macrophage will be essential to destroy the bacteria and resolve the infection. Which of the following will be dirertly required to allow ADCC-opsonization of the encapsulated E. coli: O Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha O Release of C3a to the extracellular fluids O Presence of MHC II on the surface of the macrophage O Presence of IgG receptors (Fc-gamma-R) on the macrophage All of the answers apply
Dead phagocytes are one component of pus. Why is pus a sure signof infection?
Which type of defense celldo bacteria attract and causeto multiply during theinflammation process? What isthe name given to the wastematerial produced by theinflammation triggered bybacterial infection?
What mechanism do Tc cells use to identify anddestroy infected cells in the body? How do Th cells differfrom Tc cells, and how do the different subsets of Thcells differ from each other?
Describe the complement system. Is the order ofprotein interactions important? Why or why not?Identify the components of the mannose-binding lectinpathway for complement activation.
A patient has many allergic reactions. As part of the treatmentscheme, doctors try to identify the allergen that stimulates theimmune system’s response. A series of solutions, each containing anallergen that commonly causes a reaction, is composed. Each solution is injected into the skin at different locations on the patient’sback. The following results are obtained: (a) At one location, theinjection site becomes red and swollen within a few minutes;(b) at another injection site, swelling and redness appear 2 dayslater; and (c) no redness or swelling develops at the other sites.Explain what happened for each observation by describing whatpart of the immune system was involved and what caused the redness and swelling.
Some Type-II immunopathology mediated autoimmune diseases have manifestations inmultiple different organs. Discuss how antibodies to one single antigen can cause damage inmultiple sites throughout the body. Things you might discuss include, but are not limited towhere the antigen could be expressed, how antibodies are made, how they bind antigen,where they circulate, the ratios of antigen to antibody, mechanisms of the immune systemthat result in cellular/tissue damage, or how immune system components can affect otherorgans. You might also comment on what makes one antigen an attractive target rather thananother. Please do NOT comment on all the things listed above, they are just to get youthinking. If you are having trouble getting started, it might help to think about a specificdisease which affects multiple organs.