Contrast the pathways of complement activation.

Q: Which complement control protein would you consider to be the most detrimental to lose?

A: Complement control proteins (CCP) are proteins which are associated with components of the…

Q: Which of the following is not a consequence of activation of the complement system? Select one: a.…

A: The immune system of the body can help in preventing various diseases as well as in repairing any…

Q: Explain classical complement pathway?

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…

Q: Describe the three main functions of the complementsystem.

A: Introduction  Immune cells are very crucial for our health as they protect our body from the foreign…

Q: Outline and describe the steps of Classical pathway of complement activation; from initiation to…

A: The complement system is part of the body’s immune system. The complement system consists of…

Q: What is the action of Anatomical barriers Inflammation Interferon (type I)?

A: The body system comprising of various organs, tissues, cells, and chemicals that function to protect…

Q: Which pathway of complement activation acts in conjunction with the action of antibodies? А. the…

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to resist infections by pathogens or it is the…

Q: Some bacterial cells avoid the killing effects of activated complement proteins. How might they do…

A: In the destruction of pathogenic organisms by directing the antibodies towards the destruction of…

Q: Describe the mechanism of the classical complement pathway and discuss the critical role that the…

A: Introduction :- One of three pathways that activate the complement system, which is part of the…

Q: Explain Activation of the Complement System?

A: The activation of complement results in a variety of biological consequences which can result in…

Q: Which of these innate defenses would be most inhibited by antibiotic use?

A: Innate immunity is non-specific immunity. It is present since birth. Memory is absent in innate…

Q: What is meant by complement fixation? What are cytolysins?

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…

Q: Why should B cells residing in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues produce IgA?

A: Antibodies are glycoprotein molecules that are concerned with the Humoral immune response of the…

Q: What are some examples of innate defense mechanisms that are chemical in nature? What is complement?

A: The immune system is complex and is made up of few organs and a broad network of cells and proteins…

Q: Why is the evasion of phagocytosis a type of virulence factor?

A: The chemicals that help the bacteria invade the host at the cellular level are known as virulence…

Q: What triggers the alternative pathway for complement activation?

A: Complementation is a phenomenon that is observed in our immune system which increases the ability…

Q: Describe several reasons why phagocytes are not alwayseffective at removing pathogens from the body

A: Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and…

Q: The primary role of complement control proteins that operate in the early stages of complement…

A: In response to antigenic stimulation, antibodies are produced which are immunoglobulins. The…

Q: Which of the following proteins downregulates the classical complement cascade by breaking up the C3…

A: The classical complement (CMP) pathway is considered as the method, which helps in the activation of…

Q: In what process is tumor necrosis factor (TNF) not involved?a. chemotaxis of phagocytesb. fever c.…

A: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is produced by macrophages, lymphocytes, and other immune cells as an…

Q: Discuss the importance of the host complement response

A: 1-The importance of the host complement response is that it act as a  defence mechanism for…

Q: Name and explain the three outcomes after complement activation.

A: Three outcomes after complement fixation are:- 1)cell lysis- It occurs after insertion of membrane…

Q: Distinguish between alternative complement pathway and Lectin pathway.

A: Introduction: Complement proteins: A system of plasma proteins that can be activated directly by…

Q: Describe Two Features of phagocytes that are essential in their response to microbial invasion.

A: Introduction Innate immunity is a natural genotype-based system of defense elements with which an…

Q: Characterize the complement system, its origins, and its basicfunctions.

A: The complement system is a part of the immune system that complements the ability of antibodies and…

Q: A(n) _____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic…

A: An enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of a reaction without getting used up in…

Q: complement cascade in the inflammatory

A: Complement cascade is also known as component system which enhances the ability of antibodies to…

Q: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a disease characterized by lysis of red blood cells, which…

A: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. It is a rare disease that is caused by a mutation in bone…

Q: Describe the control of the alternate pathway of complement activation.

A: Complement system is made up of large number of proteins that are present in the plasma. Complement…

Q: Explain innate Immunity and Fungal Infection.

A: Introduction :- Immunity refers to a multicellular organism's ability to resist dangerous pathogens.…

Q: Which of the following is not an outcome of complement activati O extravasation O inflammation O…

A: Complement system is a series of reactions which occurs as immune response to increase the…

Q: Compare and contrast the most common infections in individuals with defects in cell-mediated immune…

A: Introduction :- Antibody molecules released by plasma cells serve as the mediators of the humoral…

Q: Which of the following is NOT true regarding the alternative complement pathway? It can be triggered…

A: There are three types of complement pathways: Classical pathway Alternative pathway Lectin pathway

Q: Identify the normal defenses of the body against infection ?

A: A disease is a specific aberrant condition that affects the structure or function of all or part of…

Q: The complement system supplements the inflammatory response by directly killing microorganisms.…

A: The complement system, also known as the complement cascade, is an immune system component that…

Q: Explain why IgM cannot activate complement by itself.

A: Antibodies which are also known as immunoglobulins are large Y shaped blood proteins produced by the…

Q: Briefly explain the four stages of Complement Cascade.

A: The immune system is the portion of the body responsible for fighting against infections. They…

Q: Three effects of complement activation: (1) inflammation (2) opsonization (3) cytolysis of…

A: The complement system is made up of a large number of distinct plasma proteins that react with one…

Q: Different between alternative complement pathway and Lectin pathway.

A: The immune system of the body is accountable for possessing two types of response which are innate…

Q: State whether each of the following statements is True Or False. If it is False, explain why. (i)…

A: 1) Nucleated cells tends to be more resistant to compliment mediated lysis than red blood cells?…

Q: True/False: The C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway amplifies the overall magnitude…

A: The complement system is part of the body’s immune system. The complement system consists of…

Q: True/False: The classical and lectin pathways of complement activation converge at the step of C3…

A: Our immune system involved different cellular and molecular processes that are used to fight against…

Q: Describe the steps in the classical complement pathway making sure to include the three ways the…

A: In immunology, complement is a complicated system of around 30 proteins that work together to help…

Q: Define complement cascade

A: Biology terms are fundamental concepts and terms used in biology, which is the study of life and…

Q: Identify the mechanism used by phagocytes to inducepathogen killing.

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.