Which pathway of complement activation acts in conjunction with the action of antibodies? А. the lectin pathway В. the alternative pathway C. the classical pathway D. the attack pathway

Q: Identify which of the following immune responses is pivotal to the killing and elimination of…

A: The helminths are a type of parasite that has a worm-like structure. They survive by feeding on the…

Q: b Production of complement c. Production of IL-6 d. Production of CRP e. All of the above 41. NK…

A: Hey, since there are multiple questions posted, we will answer first two questions (41 and 42). If…

Q: Passive immunitya. is permanent.b. may result from immunoglobulin injections.c. requires memory B…

A: Passive immunity is provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing…

Q: will involve the secretion of which will induce intracellular microbial The activation of killing a.…

A: Cytotoxic T-cells,INF-gamma  Hence option (d) is correct . EXPLAINATION:- cytotoxic T cells kill…

Q: All of the following are responses to allergen detection generated by mast cells EXCEPT a.…

A: Mast cells are myeloid lineage cells. They are involved in immune responses of body. Upon…

Q: 22. Your patient is born without B cells. He cannot a. fight off intracellular infections b. have a…

A: Here we have to describe if a patient is born without B cells what will happen or what she/he cannot…

Q: Outline and describe the steps of Classical pathway of complement activation; from initiation to…

A: The complement system is part of the body’s immune system. The complement system consists of…

Q: The major inflammatory mediator released by degranulating mast cells in type I hypersensitivity is…

A: The body's defence mechanism against allergens, autoimmunity, and venom is hypersensitivity. Pollen,…

Q: What does the T-cell receptor on the helper T cell bind? free antigen in soluble form b. antigens…

A:

Q: The capsule of the infecting microorganism which is composed of polysaccharides can also activate…

A: Introduction  The immune response is a set of mechanisms that the body uses to protect itself from…

Q: 6. The C1 complement protein is activated when it binds to the A. Fc region of an antigen-bound…

A: Complements are a group of thermo labile enzymetic proteins found in the serum and body fluids and…

Q: A. vagina B. trachea and bronchi C. skin D. stomach E. mouth select A B C D E 1. villi pushing…

A: 1) vagina - low pH , antibodies and secretions  2) trachea and bronchi - villi pushing material…

Q: Please answer the following question(s): 1. What is the main outcome of pathogen recognition by…

A: Introduction The defence system with which you were born, known as innate or nonspecific immunity.…

Q: Bacterial capsules a. kill phagocytes b. prevent engulfment by phagocytes  c. prevent the…

A: The capsule is referred to as a pathogenicity since it increases bacteria's potential to produce…

Q: Which complement chemotactic component has properties? а. Cla с. C4a d. C5a b. C2a е. Сба

A:

Q: Which pathway(s) of complement initiation/activation would you expect to occur earlier in response…

A: Introduction  The immune response is the process by which the body recognizes and defends itself…

Q: Deficiencies in complement components C1–C4 are associated with _____. a. neutropenia b. chronic…

A: Deficiencies in complement components C1 - C4 are associated with immune - complex disease .…

Q: All of the following occur after B cells leave the bone marrow except a. peripheral tolerance b.…

A: The lymphoid cell production and maturation follow the transition from primary to secondary lymphoid…

Q: Type II hypersensitivities are due toa. IgE reacting with mast cellsb. activation of cytotoxic T…

A: Normal immune system produces undesirable reactions such as allergies and autoimmunity and this is…

Q: Which is/are important in innate immune responses?a. interferonsb. clonal inactivationc. lymphocyte…

A: Innate immunity on non specific immunity includes all the defence elements with which and individual…

Q: nstant antigen ndependent antigen ependent antigen

A: Antigen is a molecule which arouses an immune response usually in the form of antibodies in the…

Q: What types of cells could be involved in specific immune reactionsagainst the rabies virus?a. T…

A: Viruses are microscopic parasites, typically much smaller than bacteria. They lack the ability to…

Q: Viral antigens appear on the surface of the infected cell in association with which of the following…

A: Answer is d.)MHC-II complex.

Q: An example of an inflammatory mediator that stimulates vasodilationisa. histamine b. collagen c.…

A: Inflammation is a localized immunized response that leads to swelling. Redness, pain, numbness,…

Q: Select all of the pathways that can activate without antibodies.   A. Alternative   B. Lectin…

A: Alternate pathway is a type of complement pathway in which pathogens are Opsonized and killed.…

Q: Two of the major actions of complement are a. increased inflammatory response and cytolysis. b.…

A: The complement system gets activated when it comes in contact with the antibody molecule that is…

Q: The primary role of complement control proteins that operate in the early stages of complement…

A: In response to antigenic stimulation, antibodies are produced which are immunoglobulins. The…

Q: The complement system a. consists of 20 blood proteins. b. is triggered by bacterial cell walls. c.…

A: Innate immunity provides the first line of defense against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, etc.…

Q: Which of the following are phagocytes? 1. Neutrophils II. Macrophages III. Natural killer cells

A: Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays an important role in the body's immune system.…

Q: Non-protein antigens are ineffective becase they cant A. Trigger IgM production B. Be used as a…

A: Antigens are any substances with a biological origin and are able to elicit immune reasons by…

Q: In what process is tumor necrosis factor (TNF) not involved?a. chemotaxis of phagocytesb. fever c.…

A: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is produced by macrophages, lymphocytes, and other immune cells as an…

Q: Which of the following is part of the second line of defense? a. Interferons b. Phagocytes c.…

A: The immune system shows immune response in three stages the first line of defence includes the…

Q: 10. Phagocytosis by a phagocyte is required for: B cell action b. helper T (T4) cell action c.…

A: Answer

Q: A(n) _____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic…

A: An enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of a reaction without getting used up in…

Q: CD1-restricted α:β T cells respond to lipid antigens of mycobacterial pathogens using all except…

A: Introduction  The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or classification…

Q: What physical barrier and non-specific defenses help to prevent infection? How is a "non- specific"…

A: Hello, thank you for your questions. According to our policy, I am answering the first question. If…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.