Consider the leucine transporter. Would Vmax and/or Kt change if you added a Na+ ionophore to the assay solution containing Na+? Explain.
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Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Consider the leucine transporter. Would Vmax and/or Kt change if you added a Na+ ionophore to the assay solution containing Na+? Explain.
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- Describe e-cadherins' ligand affinity properties. What is e-cadherins' role in cell sorting? Have detail.Based on your Lineweaver-Burk plot, what is the mode of PaESBL-1 inhibition by NSAMB? What is the equation for the double-reciprocal plot at 20 nMnM NAMB?Two co-op students at your start-up company have been asked to evaluate the rate of reaction occurring in a transparent gel particle containing immobilized mouse melanoma cells. The equation for the reaction rate ris is: Vmax T'As Km+CAs where R=3.2 mm, Vmax= 0.12 gmol s' m3, CAS = 41 gmol m3, and Km=0.8 gmol m3. One student reports a reaction rate of 1.6x10 gmol st; the other reports 1.6x10 1º gmol s1. You left your calculator on the bus this morning, but must know quickly which student is correct. Use an order-of- magnitude calculation to identify the right answer. Which student is correct?
- You will have to dilute your inital Lysozyme stock in order to pipet volumes larger than 10 uL for the Bradford assay. Calculate a dilution of the 10 mg/mL Lysozyme standard needed to create ensure an appropriate final protein range for the Bradford assay - what concentration will your Lysozyme standard be at for the Bradford assay?A variety of organic chelating ligands have been synthesized to tightly coordinate radioactive metal cations to identify and treat malig- nancies by coupling the metal complex to a polypeptide linker attached to a monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to a cell surface re- ceptor. One such metal complex is illustrated in the diagram on the right. The radioactive Cu-64 cation is tightly coordinated by the che- lating ligand that is, in turn, conjugated to a peptide linker attached to a monoclonal antibody. (The antibody is not shown in this diagram.) When coupled to a specifically designed monoclonal antibody, the complex binds specifically to somatostatin receptors that are ex- pressed on the surface of neuroendocrine tumors. Subsequently the entire complex with the receptor is internalized, i.e., passed into the cytoplasm, where the radioactive metal cation kills the malignant cell. 1. CH3 HN NHNH HN NHNH HN Но НО NH HN S-S HN Но NH NH HN -NH HN- H2N OH NH ) Write the three…Transferring of the protein bands from the SDS-PAGE gel to the PDVF membrane can be troublesome and sometimes incomplete. What are some reasons (at least 3) why the transfer step wouldn’t work?
- Biomedical Engineering: An equilibrium dialysis experiment was performed to characterize the binding affinity of a mouse IgG or human IgG antibody for an antigen, GAD65. (The association constant for the monoclonal mouse IgG is 4.75 x 10^8 M-1 and for a human IgG is 1.3 x 10^10 M-1) a- calculate the dissociation constant for each antibody and explain which antibody has a higher binding affinity for GAD65? b-calculate the fraction of free Ab sites for each antibody for a For a GAD65 concentration of 0.7 nMProtein transfer to a membrane from a developed electrophoretic gel can be performed under which of the following conditions?You plan to synthesize a peptide to be used as a vaccine to treat melanoma, a particularly aggressive form of skin cancer. Normally, gp100, a protein on the surface of melanocytes, activates cell growth when it is bound by its ligand. Activation of the growth pathway depends on the presence of threonine in the ligand. The effective peptide vaccine will mimic the natural ligand, but won’t cause cell growth and division. Below is the sequence of the natural ligand: LDMKTAG In order to ensure your newly designed peptide vaccine does not cause cell growth upon binding, you must substitute the Threonine residue at position 5. What amino acid would you replace it with, bearing in mind that the peptide should still be similar enough to bind to the gp100 protein in the surface of melanocytes. Explain your choice. Your vaccine will be administered as a topical cream, and you require your peptide to have an overall neutral charge in order to be functional. At what pH should you formulate…
- You have an extract of BL21(DE3) cells containing a soluble, 75 kDa recombinant protein that has a histidine tail at its C-terminus. This extract is still in raw form and you need to purify this protein without losing its solubility. Check the option below that represents the best purification methodology in the order of execution. * a) (1) isoelectric precipitation; (2) microfiltration; (3) affinity chromatography; (4) anion exchange chromatography b) (1) centrifugation; (2) microfiltration; (3) isoelectric precipitation; (4) affinity chromatography c) (1) centrifugation; (2) microfiltration; (3) affinity chromatography; (4) ultrafiltration d) (1) microfiltration; (2) jumping out; (3) centrifugation; (4) affinity chromatographyCompounds A, B, C, and D are known to be intermediates in the pathway for production of protein E. To determine where the block in protein-E production occurred in each individual, the various intermediates were given to each individual’s cell in culture. After a few weeks of growth with the intermediate, the cells were assayed for the production of protein E. The results for each individual’s cells are given in the following table. A plus sign means that the protein E was produced after the cells were given the intermediate listed at the top of the column. A minus sign means that the cells still could not produce protein E even after being exposed to the intermediate at the top of the column. a) If an individual who is homozygous for the mutation found in individual 2 and heterozygous for the mutation found in individual 4 mates with an individual who is homozygous for the mutation found in individual 4 and heterozygous for the mutation found in individual 2, what could the…Azathioprine is an immunosuppressant drug used in kidney transplants. In vivo, azathioprine is metabolized to the hypoxanthine analog 6- mercaptopurine, which is then converted into 6-mercaptopurine ribose monophosphate, the active form of the drug. 6- Mercaptopurine ribose monophosphate also inhibits de novo purine synthesis, reducing uric acid levels in the blood and urine. However, when administered to Lesch – Nyhan patients, there was no effect on uric acid levels. Explain why this is the case.