Each intracellular fusion of a vesicle with a membrane requires a SNARE protein on the vesicle (called the v-SNARE) and a SNARE protein on the target membrane (called the t-SNARE). Assume that a genome encodes 21 members of the vSNARE family and 7 members of the t-SNARE family. With the assumption of no specificity, how many potential v-SNARE–t-SNARE interactions could take place?

the difference in primary structure between related tropomyosin informs arises from a) alternative splicing b) C-to-U editing  c) farnesylation d) H3K4 methylation e) targetting to secretory vesicles

You plan to synthesize a peptide to be used as a vaccine to treat melanoma, a particularly aggressive form of skin cancer. Normally, gp100, a protein on the surface of melanocytes, activates cell growth when it is bound by its ligand. Activation of the growth pathway depends on the presence of threonine in the ligand. The effective peptide vaccine will mimic the natural ligand, but won’t cause cell growth and division. Below is the sequence of the natural ligand:   LDMKTAG   In order to ensure your newly designed peptide vaccine does not cause cell growth upon binding, you must substitute the Threonine residue at position 5. What amino acid would you replace it with, bearing in mind that the peptide should still be similar enough to bind to the gp100 protein in the surface of melanocytes. Explain your choice. Your vaccine will be administered as a topical cream, and you require your peptide to have an overall neutral charge in order to be functional. At what pH should you formulate…

Determine how many domains and list the residues in each domains (ei. 1-230, 1-120) Vertebrate Ca 2+ -dependent cell adhesion protein (4VCA): Proteobacterial DNA topoisomerase subunit (5PDT): Vertebrate cell receptor (6VCR)

Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts

Identify the most mistaken (wrong) choice: a) Transcription machinery and an enhancer can bind to the chromosome at the same time.  b) Organic matters may interfere with heat treatment of bacterial growth control. ( c) Nitrocellulose can be used to filter out microorganisms from a liquid solution. d) Time to kill a bacterial culture is not proportional to the number of microbes in the culture

Analyse and interpret the SCAM data in Fig. 1, and make a table (remember to include a legend) to indicate where each amino acid is located (cytoplasm, membrane, periplasm).

in all cells observed to date, DNA serves as the stable, information-rivh molecule that stores genetic information. In contrast, in almost all cases, non-catalytic RNS serves as either a labile intermediate molecule involve in the production of proteins or as a labile regulatory molecule. A) based on the material, hypothesize why the molecule structures of DNA and RNA are, or are not, consistent with these two roles. B) RNA can also serve a catalytic role(ribosomes, RNA splicing, etc). What part of the RNA molecule would you predict makes it more likely than DNA to participate in enzymatic reactions? C) Explain how all these ideas may support as "RNA World Hypothesis" where RNA evolved first, followed by DNA and protein