Consider à ollowing sequence: His-Cys-Leu-lle-Met where Met is at the C-terminus end. Based on the information given, this protein segment may form:
Q: Translate the following mRNA nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence, starting at the first…
A: The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary material that transmits the genetic information…
Q: Assume the following portion of an mRNA. Find a start signal, and write the amino acid sequence that…
A: The sequence of protein is usually notated as a string of letters, according to the order of the…
Q: The template strand of a double helical segment of DNA consists of the following sequence:…
A: Introduction: DNA is a type of nucleic acid that is present in the nucleus of the cell. It is a…
Q: List anticodon sequences on the tRNA’s carrying the amino acids: Ala, Phe, Leu, Tyr
A: In the process of translation, the mRNA-carrying codons are coded into the anticodons, which help to…
Q: Suppose the codon sequence GCCAUUCAAGCGGAU has a single base pair mutation to GCCAUUCAAACgGAU. If…
A: DNA replication being very complex process, there are chances of miss reading the DNA template and…
Q: The difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein initiation is that eukaryotes' initiator…
A: Translation is the process of Synthesis of proteins from amino acids by peptide bond formation. It…
Q: During transcription, what will the order of bases be in mRNA, if the base sequence of the coding…
A: ans is... CUAGCU
Q: Which peptide is the least likely to be made on the ribosome and why?
A: Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, the large and the small subunit, both of which consist of…
Q: the sequences od tRNA and corresponding mRNA is complementary to each other. is the statement true…
A: The synthesis of a functional protein involves two processes namely transcription and translation.…
Q: Translate the following mRNA nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence, starting at the second…
A: The mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) is synthesized from a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) template.…
Q: What is the peptide encoded by this mRNA sequence 5’-UCG-GCA- AAU-UUA -GUU-3’?
A: m-RNA consist of 5' to 3' direction as it is synthesized from the dna template in the 5' to 3'…
Q: Given a sequence of a DNA coding strand: 5’-ATGATTATCCTATAG-3’ What is the sequence and…
A: The synthesis of m RNA from DNA is called transcription.
Q: If a tRNA has an anticodon sequence 5'-CAU-3', What would be an amino acid carried by that tRNA?
A: Codon is defined as the the group of three nucleotides that encode an amino acid.
Q: Give the initiation codon for protein synthesis. Name the amino acid it codes for?
A: A genetic codon is a three-nucleotide sequence of either DNA or RNA that corresponds to a particular…
Q: List three factors that do not foster α-helix formation.
A: α-Helix is the secondary structural conformation of the protein.
Q: How many activation cycles, Initiation cycles, Elongation cycles and termination cycles are needed…
A: Protein synthesis occurs in four main steps such as activation or charging of tRNA, initiation of…
Q: Write the amino acid for the codons below 5'-AUG UUC CAG CUA GAU GAU AUG CUG GUA AUU GGG GAA CGC…
A: Biological macromolecules are those large molecules that are necessary for the survival and growth…
Q: Draw a peptide bond between Phenylalanine (c-terminus) and Isoleucine (n-terminus).
A: Amino acids are organic compounds with two functional group namely carboxyl and amino. There are 20…
Q: N' C' = Polypeptide X d a b = SRP 5'- = translocator e Which region(s) of polypeptide X would bind…
A: Ribosomes refer to the site where the protein synthesis takes place. It comprises rRNA and protein.…
Q: Describe the process where a peptide chain is formen from a code embedded in a nucleic acid…
A: Central Dogma of molecular Biology explain how a DNA replication result into DNA, DNA is changed…
Q: Refer to the codon diagram on. Which of the following is a codon that will terminate translation?*
A: A termination codon or a stop codon is a group of three amino acids that is present in the mRNA that…
Q: List all possible codons present in a ribonucleotide polymer containing U and G in random sequence.…
A: Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level. It studies the composition,…
Q: The amino acid sequence for a short peptide is Tyr-Leu-Thr-Ala. What are the possible base sequences…
A: Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used for synthesizing of a…
Q: Write the codons for the following amino acids. 1. Phe 2. Val
A: Genetic codon: - It is the 3 nucleotide sequence of DNA and RNA, all bases are involved in formation…
Q: Most proteins have more leucine than histidine residues, but more histidine than tryptophan…
A: A genetic code is a set of three nucleotides.
Q: Identify the secondary structures present in the protein and its genes code…
A: Proteins are large biomolecules that compose structural and motor elements of a cell, and also as…
Q: Which of the following are elongation factors involved in the attachment of new aminoacyl-tRNAs?…
A: During translation protein synthesis occurs from RNA. The sequence of nucleotides in RNA act as code…
Q: What amino acid sequence is coded for by the mRNA base sequenceCUC-AUU-CCA-UGC-GAC-GUA?
A: The sequence of a protein is notated as a string of letters, according to the order of the amino…
Q: According to wobble rules, what codons should be recognized by the following anticodons? What amino…
A: The tRNA is the transfer RNA that matches the mRNA codon with the set of three nucleotides,…
Q: Describe the effects of intron phase on alternative splicing with diagram
A: Alternative splicing involves the removal of introns from the mRNA transcript as introns are the…
Q: Why might a protein precipitate when its tag is cleaved?
A: Precipitation of protein occurs because the change in pH or hydrophobicity results in the alteration…
Q: Please determine the order of aminoacids from a given genetic code? 5’-UGGUACGGUACUCCAC-3’
A: Transcription is the process in which the information present on the DNA is transferred on to a…
Q: For each of the following sequences, rank them in order (from best to worst) as sequences that could…
A: DNA is the genetic material that carries genetic information in the form of coded nucleotide…
Q: The infectious prion protein which are believed to cause a neurodegenerative disease by acting as a…
A: neurodegenerative diseases which are due to the infected prions can occur both in animals and in…
Q: Label the following regions on this tRNA molecule, stating the function of each:
A: This is a tRNA molecule. It has an amino acid arm where the corresponding amino acids bind. It has…
Q: . What is the minumum number of tRNA molecules that a cell must contain in order to translate all 61…
A: The three consecutive nucleotides on messenger ribonucleic acid from codon. The codon sequence…
Q: When the anticodon on a tRNA is "ICG, all of the following codons except can pair with this…
A: Some tRNA anticodon loops contain inosine (I) which allows recognition of multiple codons through…
Q: For each codon, provide the anticodon and the three-letter abbreviation of the amino acid for which…
A: During translation, codons in an mRNA are read, starting with a start codon and continuing until a…
Q: List three factors that do not foster a-helix formation.
A: Proteins are one of the major macromolecules that contain long chains of amino acids. The structure…
Q: Differentiate between a conserved hypothetical protein and a putative protein of unknown function
A: Proteins are one of the major biological macromolecules responsible for performing major functions…
Q: What would be the effect of a mutation that causes a poly(A)-binding protein to be nonfunctional?
A: Poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) is a RNA binding protein, which helps the polyadenylate polymerase…
Q: NA has an anticodon sequence 3′– GGU–5′. Identify the amino acid it is carrying?
A: Transfer RNA, often known as tRNA, is a tiny RNA molecule that takes role in the creation of…
Q: Which amino acid would be attached to a tRNA that read "GGU"?
A: Introduction : A codon is defined as a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of…
Q: Determine the sequence of amino acids specified by the codons in the following information strand.…
A:
Q: Indicate the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the following mRNA molecule. Use the…
A: Transcription is the process in which the synthesis of RNA takes place by using deoxyribonucleic…
Q: Define the terms codon and anticodon, and list three start and stop codons.
A: Codon and Anticodon plays an significant role in the transcription and translation of the DNA and…
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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- Treatment of a polypeptide by 2-mercaptoethanol yields two polypeptides that have the following amino acid sequences: Ala-Phe-Cys-Met-Tyr-Cys-Leu-Trp-Cys-Asn Val-Cys-Trp-Val-Ile-Phe-Gly-Cys-Lys Chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of the intact polypeptide yields polypeptide fragments with the following amino acid compositions: (Ala, Phe) (Asn, Cys2, Met,Tyr) (Cys, Gly, Lys) (Cys2, Leu,Trp2,Val) (Ile, Phe,Val) Indicate the positions of the disulfide bonds in the original polypeptide. I don't understand how the order of amino acids in Step 2 was arranged. Please explain. Thank you.Treatment of a polypeptide by 2-mercaptoethanol yields two polypeptides that have the following amino acid sequences: Ala-Phe-Cys-Met-Tyr-Cys-Leu-Trp-Cys-Asn Val-Cys-Trp-Val-Ile-Phe-Gly-Cys-Lys Chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of the intact polypeptide yields polypeptide fragments with the following amino acid compositions: (Ala, Phe) (Asn, Cys2, Met,Tyr) (Cys, Gly, Lys) (Cys2, Leu,Trp2,Val) (Ile, Phe,Val) Indicate the positions of the disulfide bonds in the original polypeptide.A schematic diagram of the helical structure of cytochrome b562 is reproduced below. Thisprotein belongs to the family of -proteins that have a four-helix bundle. Number the helices 1 – 4according to their N C direction. Indicate relative orientations of the macrodipoles of helices 1 – 4adjacent to the diagram of cytochrome b562. Remember that according to the definition of a dipolethat the arrow points towards the positive end.
- How does the structure of chymotrypsin enable it to cleave only peptide bonds that are adjacent to aromatic R groups? Suppose a protease could only cleave adjacent to Lysine and Arginine; how would the structure of this protein differ from that of chymotrypsin?Amino acids project from each polypeptide backbone in a β-sheet in an alternating fashion (oneabove the plane and the next below the plane – see Fig 3.8B). Consider the following proteinsequence: Leu-Lys-Val-Asp-Ile-Ser-Leu-Arg-Leu-Lys-Ile-Arg-Phe-Glu.a. Is there a pattern to these amino acids? If so, what is it? b. What does this sequence of amino acids mean for the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of theresulting β-sheet? c. Can you make a prediction about how the β-sheet will be arranged in higher levels of protein structure? If so, what prediction would you make?Given the peptide Val-Ser-Gln-Lys The lateral chain of one of these amino acids can be modified by N-acetylation. Write the semi‐developed form of the lateral chain of this modified amino acid at pH 7 The lateral chain of one of these amino acids can be modified by phosphorylation. Write the semi‐developed form of the lateral chain of this modified amino acid at pH 7.
- A protein has been sequenced after cleavage of disulfide bonds. The protein is known to contain 3 Cys residues, located as shown here. Only one of the Cys has a free —SH group, and the other two are involved in an —S—S— bond. The only methionine and the only aromatic amino acid (Phe) in this protein are in the positions indicated. Cleavage of the intact protein (i.e., withdisulfide bonds intact) by either cyanogen bromide or chymotrypsin does not break the protein into two peptides. Where is the —S—S— bond (i.e., AB, BC, or AC)?Consider the hypothetical serine protease in the image, which shows the specificity pockets. The S1 pocket is small and hydrophobic, the S2 pocket is deep and hydrophobic, and the S1' pocket has an aspartate residue in the bottom. If the amino acids involved are K, W, and G, which pair is joined by the peptide bond that will be cleaved by the protease? MAKE SURE YOUR CHOICE REFLECTS THE S1-S ORDER DESCRIBED. S1 Rs R1 Ri H. S2 S OGK OKAN OwG IZ IZConsider the peptide Asp-Lys-Phe-Glu-Asn-Tyr-Gln-Val-Cys. In a single beaker, you treat this peptide with 2 proteases. One protease cleaves at the N-terminus of aromatic R groups and the other cleaves at the C-terminus of polar, non-ionizable R groups. Following the enzymatic digestion, you want to separate your peptide fragments so that you can identify them. You choose to separate the fragments using an anion exchange column. Beginning at pH=6 you apply your peptide fragments to the column and you gradually decrease the pH of the column stopping the separation when the pH of the column equals 4. Omitting chemical structures, write the amino acid sequence of the peptide fragments that are produced from this digest. Write the order that these fragments will elute from the column (if at all). (Relevant pKa values are: 2.1, 3.8, 4.3, 8.3, 9.6, 10.1, and 10.5)
- Assume that the 3 polypeptide strands shown below form a parallel B-sheet. Select amino acids AA1, AA2, and AA3 so that the parallel B-sheet is amphipathic and remains stable. Glu-lle-Asn-AA1-Cys-Val Ser-AA2-GIn-Leu-Lys-Phe Lys-Met-Cys-Leu-AA3-Val O AA1 = Pro, AA2 = Leu, AA3 = lle O AA1 = Val, AA2 = Leu, AA3 = Asn O AA1 = Ala, AA2 = Gly, AA3 = Leu AA1 = Phe, AA2 = Arg, AA3 = Ala O OThe core of pectin molecules is a polymer of a (1®4)-linked D-galacturonate. Draw one of its residues.Many enzymes are switched "on" by attachment of a phosphate group at a specific serine somewhere on the protein (phosphorylation). The basic reaction is: E + ATP2 Ep + ADP Po SERINE PHOSPHO SERINC (Note the "squiggles" before the backone amide and carbonyl indicate the polypeptide chain continues on either side of the serine). For phosphorylation to have this effect, there has to be some equilibrium between inactive and active forms conformations of the enzyme: [Eactive] [Einactive] Einactive 2 Eactive; K* The same basic equilibrium must exist for the phosphorylated protein: [Ep,active] [Ep,inactive] EP,inactive 2 Ep,active; Kp = (a) If phosphorylation increases the measured activity of the enzyme, is K* or K larger? Why? (b) Does the phosphorylation site need to be near the site where the enzyme binds its substrate (e.g. the reactant whose chemistry it catalyzes)? Why or why not?