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Explain how more than one smooth muscle cell can be influenced by an action potential generated in an autonomic postganglionic nerve terminal
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- Predict the consequence if presynaptic action potentials in an axonrelease insufficient acetylcholine to depolarize a skeletal muscle fiber tothreshold.Skeletal muscle cells have a(n) receptor that is also adrenergic, muscarinic adrenergic, nicotinic cholinergic, muscarinic cholinergic, nicotinicContrast antagonistic control and tonic control of smooth muscles. Why are different receptor types important?
- Identify the important physiological structures involved in action potential; then, explain in detail how one nerve action potential causes one muscle action potential.Both the withdrawal reflex and the Golgi tendon reflex involve sensory signals that ultimately control the same type ofmotor neurons and both are protective. Explain how one reflex can cause muscle contraction while the other causes musclerelaxation.draw a figure showing the differant between nictonic and muscarnic receptors in skeletal muscle
- Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and explain why they are stimulated at the same time as alpha motor neurons during voluntary muscle contractions.Which of the following statements regarding the motor end plate in the somatic motor division of the nervous system is true? After the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels, the neuron releases ACh onto the muscarinic receptors on the surface of the highly folded area of the muscle fibre. The preganglionic nerve fibre releases ACh onto the postganglionic nerve fibre, which then releases ACh onto the cholinergic receptors of the motor end plate. Chemically gated monovalent cation channels on the motor end plate are activated once the motor neuron releases ACh onto the nicotinic receptors on the surface of the muscle cell. The AChE enzyme enhances the amount of ACh released into the neuromuscular junctionMuscle spindle structures consist of: Extrafusal muscle fibers and gamma motor neurons Extrafusal muscle fibers and alpha motor neurons Golgi tendon organs and gamma motor neurons Intrafusal muscle fibers and gamma motor neurons
- High blood K+ concentrations cause depolarization of the restingmembrane potential. Predict and explain the effect of high blood K+levels on smooth muscle functionDescribe a muscle spindle and its function considering the following items. Use all terms in paragraph form to describe: - Extrafusal fibers - Intrafusal fibers - Alpha motor neurons - Gamma motor neurons - Capsule - Contraction - Afferent nerve fiber - Somatic reflex (as in the patellar reflex)Why is it important to remove acetylcholine from its binding to acetylcholine receptors once the neural stimulus ends? What can be the possible consequence of the non-removal of acetylcholine to the skeletal muscle fiber?
