High Yield The Fed State High Yield Glucose - Blood Liver 4 t Insulin Glucose + Glucagon Intestine Glycogen Acetyl CoA сно- Glucose Acetyl CoA Brain TCA [ATP)co2 TCA co. IATP) Fat TG Chylomicrons (TG) Protein AA VLDL RBC Pyruvate- 6. FA + Glycerol Lactate 14 Tissues Glucose Muscle AA Protein Acetyl CoA Important compounds TCA TCA TG + (ATP) Co2 co. (ATP] Adipose Glycogen

High Yield The Fed State High Yield Glucose - Blood Liver 4 t Insulin Glucose + Glucagon Intestine Glycogen Acetyl CoA сно- Glucose Acetyl CoA Brain TCA [ATP)co2 TCA co. IATP) Fat TG Chylomicrons (TG) Protein AA VLDL RBC Pyruvate- 6. FA + Glycerol Lactate 14 Tissues Glucose Muscle AA Protein Acetyl CoA Important compounds TCA TCA TG + (ATP) Co2 co. (ATP] Adipose Glycogen

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter7: Cellular Respiration

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9RQ: GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of isocitrate into ketoglutarate succinyl CoA into...

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GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of isocitrate into ketoglutarate succinyl CoA into succinate fumarate into malate malate into oxaloacetate
Skeletal muscle cannot synthesize fatty acids, yet it producesthe enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Explain the role of thisenzyme
Please select appropriate word in each bracket Glycogen provides short term energy storage primarily in liver and muscle. Defects in the enzymes that are required for either glycogen synthesis or breakdown therefore affect levels of [ Select ] ["glucose", "glycogen"] in the bloodstream and the amount of glycogen in the liver. This is exemplified by defects in [ Select ] ["glucose-6-phosphatase", "glycogen synthase"] , which is a deficit in breakdown and delivery, whereas mutations compromising [ Select ] ["glycogen synthase", "glycogen debranching enzyme"] result in a defect in synthesis, but defects in either enzyme produce [ Select ] ["hypoglycemia", "hypothermia"].
Alcohol consumption on an empty stomach results in some interesting biochemical as well as embarrassing behavioral alterations. We will ignore the lat t er. Gluconeogenesis falls; there are increases in intracellular ratios of lactate to pyruvate, of glycerol 3- phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, of glutamate to α - ketoglutarate , and of D-3- hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate. Hypoglycemia develops rapidly Blood pH also falls. Alcohol consumption by a well - fed individual does not lead to hypoglycemia or alteration in blood pH . (a) Why does ethanol consumption result in the altered ratios? (b) Why does hypoglycemia and blood acidosis result in the hungry individual? (c) Why does the well-fed person not experience hypoglycemia?
After a carbohydrate-rich meal is consumed and the glucoserequirements of all tissues have been met, the liver begins tostore excess glucose in glycogen molecules. Explain the roleof the hexokinases in this phenomenon.
Explain why insulin is required for adipocytes to synthesize triacylglycerols from fatty acids.
Handwritten Identify the molecule names, enzyme name, enzyme classification and change in reaction(for glycolysis pathway)
Fatty acids appear to stimulate insulin secretion to a much greater extent when glucose is also present. Why is this significant?
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficiency of thepancreas to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood sugarlevel. In type I diabetes, the pancreas produces no insulin, andthe patient is totally dependent on insulin from an externalsource to be infused at a rate to maintain blood sugar levelsat normal levels. Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucoselevel rises much higher than the norm (>8 mmol/L) for pro-longed periods of time; hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level falls below values of 3 mmol/L. Both situations canbe deleterious to the individual’s health. The normal range ofblood sugar is between 3.8 and 5.6 mmol/L, the target rangefor a controller regulating blood sugar.A patient with type I diabetes needs your help to maintainher blood sugar within an acceptable range (3 mmol/L<glucose<8 mmol/L). She has just eaten a large meal (a disturbance) that you estimate will release glucose accord-ing toD(t)=0.5e−0.05t,wheretis in minutes andD(t)is inmmol/L –…
help fill in the blanks Glucose is exported from liver cells when [hexokinase IV/glucose 6-phosphatase] and [glycogen synthase/glycogen phosphorylase] are active during [glucagon/insulin] signaling. It is exported through [GLUT1/GLUT2/GLUT4] into the bloodstream.
LA student, halfan hour afier the dinner, containing about I50 g ofearbohydrates, 20 g of fat, and 40g of peotcin, is siting in a chair and reading d) cnumerate the rogulatory enzmes of fatty acid synthesis from elucose that have their activity and amount increased underthe influcnec ofthe mentioned hormone
The Vmax of muscle glycogen phosphorylase is much larger than that of the liver enzyme. Discuss the functional signifi cance of this phenomenon.