Assume that mitochondria contain 0.23 Molar KCL and 0.010 Molar NaCl. Calculate the grams per liter, of a carbohydrate similar to glucose with a molecular weight240 amu, that will have the same osmolarity as the mitochondria..Calculate answer to four decimal places, do not specify units in the answer.

KCl will dissociate into K+ and Cl-. However, NaCl will dissociate into Na+ and Cl-. Therefore, both…

Answered: Assume that mitochondria contain 0.23…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The second law of thermodynamics, in a very general sense, states that entropy (S) is always increasing. ASuniverse AS system + AS surroundings > 0 When phospholipids are dispersed in an aqueous solution, they will often form more ordered structures in the form of micelles, liposomes, or lipid bilayers. This behavior seemingly contradicts the second law of thermodynamics. Why is this behavior in agreement with the second law of thermodynamics? Liposome Micelle Bilayer sheet
Lipid bilayers form spontaneously in a process driven by the hydrophobic effect. Explain how the hydrophobic effect drives bilayer formation from individual lipids in an aqueous environment. Describe how the physical properties of the lipid bilayer are determined by the chemical properties of the membrane lipid components. Diagrams are encouraged for both parts of the question.
Suggest a reason why phospholipids are constituents of cellmembranes rather than carboxylic acids.
The CMC of SDS is 8.2 mM at 25 °C. Please describe the biological membrane solubilization when [SDS] is below or above 8.2 mM in the solution.
What is the free energy change for the transport of calcium ions into a cell. The intracellular [Ca2+] is 1 μM and extracellular [Ca2+] is 1 mM. Assume a membrane potential of -100 mV and T=25°C. Give your answer without units to one decimal place.
Glucose is able to cross the cell membrane with relatively little difficulty while both amylose and glucose 1,6 disulfate often remain inside the cell. Based on membrane transport, explain why this may be the case. Include differences between glucose and amylase and glucose 1,6 disulfate molecules in your explanation.
Answer the following question based on the structure of the molecule below. NH HO-P-o он он NH2 OH OH ÓH OH Molecule X is a analog of which is likely water and would permeate the plasma membrane. OA, nonhydrolyzeable; GTP; insoluble; readily B. nonhydrolyzeable; ATP; insoluble; readily c. nonhydrolyzeable; ATP; soluble; readily D. nonhydrolyzeable; GTP; soluble; not E. nonhydrolyzeable; GTP; soluble; readily
Shown below are cells (colored) that were recently placed into a beaker containing a clear solution For each scenario, indicate whether movement of the molecule into the cell will occur using facilitated diffusion or active transport. А. B. 125mM 20mM fructose glucose 85MM 35mM fructose glucose OA= facilitated diffusion; B= facilitated diffusion OA= active transport; B= active transport O A= active transport; B= facilitated diffusion A= facilitated diffusion; B= active transport
Each proton that moves across the membrane releases about 14 kJ/mol of energy. Given that ATP requires 30.5 kJ/mol of energy to form, how many protons cross the membrane per ATP synthesized? (Hint: can you have half a proton?)

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